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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Product Testing with Consumers for Research Guidance
By
LS Wu
LS Wu
1
Philip Morris Research Center
,
Richmond, VA
;
symposium chairman and editor
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-1256-4
ISBN:
978-0-8031-1256-8
No. of Pages:
96
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1989

Focus groups are rarely successful unless the researcher has thought through the research plan and design of the study along with the needed moderator qualifications. The proper use and misuse of focus groups are developed with emphasis on creative and alternative designs of the traditional group structure. The abuses of focus groups are divided into categories based upon the researcher's experience with the technique.

1.
Tatham
,
C. B.
and
Hayes
,
T. J.
, “
Idea Engineering: A Practical Tool for Healthcare Marketing
,”
Building Marketing in Healthcare: A Proceedings
,
Paul
D. Terry
, Ed., 5th Annual American Marketing Association Symposium for Health Care Services Marketing,
Las Vegas, Nevada
,
1985
.
2.
Buncher
,
M. W.
, “
Focus Groups Seem Easy To Do and Use, But They're Easier to Misuse and Abuse/Six Focus Group Cases: 3 Correct, 3 Incorrect Applications
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
6
, No.
6
,
17
09
1982
, pp. 14–15.
3.
Alter
,
S.
, “
Focus Group Company is First to Call on VALS
,”
Advertising Age
, Vol.
56
, No.
7
,
28
01
1985
, pp. 47.
4.
Anonymous, “
Customer-Based Information Helps Healthcare Providers Cope With Changes In Environment
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
18
, No.
21
,
12
10
1984
, pp. 38.
5.
Antilla
,
S.
and
Sender
,
H.
, “
Getting Consumers In Focus
,”
Dun's Business Month
, Vol.
119
, No.
5
,
05
1982
, pp. 78–80.
6.
Brewster
,
L.
, “
One Step Market Analysis
,”
Market and Media Decisions
, Vol.
19
, No.
4
,
04
1984
, pp. 94, 96.
7.
Buncher
,
M. M.
, “
Focus Groups Seem Easy To Do and Use, But They're Easier to Misuse and Abuse/Six Focus Group Cases: 3 Correct, 3 Incorrect Applications
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
16
, No.
6
(Section 2),
17
09
1982
, pp. 14–15.
8.
Cox
,
K. K.
,
Higginbotham
,
J. B.
, et al
, “
Applications of Focus Group Interviews in Marketing
,”
Journal of Marketing
, Vol.
40
, No.
1
,
01
1976
, pp. 77–80.
9.
Egbert
,
H. A.
, “
Focus Groups: A Basic Tool to Probe Buyer's Attitudes
,”
Industrial Marketing
, Vol.
68
, No.
3
,
03
1983
, pp. 82–84.
10.
Fern
,
E. F.
, “
The Use of Focus Groups for Idea Generation: The Effects of Groups, Size, Acquaintanceships, and Moderator on Response Quantity and Quality
,”
Journal of Marketing Research
, Vol.
19
, No.
1
, pp. 1–13, Bibliograpy, p. 28.
11.
Fram
,
E. H.
, “
How Focus Groups Unlock Market Intelligence: Tapping In-House ‘Researchers’
,”
Business Marketing
, Vol.
70
, No.
12
,
12
1985
, pp. 80, 82.
12.
Grossman
,
J. H.
, “
Qualitative Research ‘Model’ Can Help Probe
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
12
, No.
14
,
12
01
1979
, pp. 10.
13.
Hitt
,
C.
,
Cavusfil
,
S. T.
, “
Study Shows Consumers Receptive To Hospital Ads
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
19
, No.
19
,
12
09
1985
, pp. 21–22.
14.
Hollander
,
S.
, “
Projective Techniques Uncover Real Consumer Attitudes
,”
Marketing News
,
04
01
1988
, pp. 34.
15.
Kelleher
,
J.
, “
Find Out What Your Customers Really Want
,”
Inc.
, Vol.
4
, No.
1
,
01
1982
, pp. 88, 91.
16.
Kover
,
A. J.
, “
Point of View: The Legitimacy of Qualitative Research
,”
Journal of Advertising Research
, Vol.
22
, No.
6
, December 1982/January 1983, pp. 49–50.
17.
Linda
,
G.
, “
Focus Groups: A New Look at an Old Friend
,”
Marketing and Media Decisions
, Vol.
17
, No.
10
,
09
1982
, pp. 96, 98.
18.
Roller
,
M. R.
, “
Mental Image of Groups Is Out of Focus
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
19
, No.
23
,
08
11
1985
, pp. 21, 26.
19.
Schnee
,
R. K.
, “
Follow These 6 Rules When Doing Qualitative Research For Evaluating New Product Ideas
,”
Marketing News
, Vol.
15
, No.
15
(Section 1),
11
01
1982
, pp. 22.
20.
Scotti
,
D. J.
,
Bonner
,
P. G.
, and
Wilman
,
A. R.
, “
An Analysis of the Determinants of HMO Reenrollment Behavior: Implications For Theory and Policy
,”
Journal of Health Care Marketing
, Vol.
6
, No.
2
,
06
1986
, pp. 7–16.
21.
Szybillo
,
G. J.
and
Berger
,
R.
, “
What Advertising Agencies Think of Focus Group
,”
Journal of Advertising Research
, Vol.
19
, No.
3
,
06
1979
, pp. 29–33.
22.
Tatham
,
C. B.
and
Hayes
,
T. J.
, “
Idea Engineering: A Practical Tool for Healthcare Marketing
,”
Building Marketing in Healthcare: A Proceedings
,
Jerry Paul
D.
, Ed., 5th Annual American Marketing Association Symposium for Health Care Services Marketing,
Las Vegas, Nevada
,
1985
.
23.
Welch
,
J. L.
, “
Researching Marketing Problems and Opportunities With Focus Groups
,”
Industrial Marketing Management
, Vol.
14
, No.
4
,
11
1985
, pp. 245–253.
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