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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Fracture Mechanics: Eighteenth Symposium
By
RP Reed
RP Reed
1
National Bureau of Standards
,
Boulder, CO 80303
;
symposium chairman and coeditor
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-0949-0
ISBN:
978-0-8031-0949-0
No. of Pages:
1132
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1988

The unloading compliance technique for JR-curve testing is not well established for single-edge notched specimens loaded in three-point bending (SENB) to date. This paper investigates various effects hampering the successful application of the method of SENB specimens. It is shown that the specimen's compliance is significantly affected by rotation of the specimen halves during deformation and stable crack extension. By contrast, the effects of roller indentation, outer roller movements and friction, and of crack front curvature are relatively minor. Based on these findings, a general procedure is proposed for correcting the experimentally measured compliance of SENB specimens for the above effects.

Crack extensions predicted for three steels from SENB unloading compliance experiments incorporating the proposed corrections are seen to correlate within ±10% with dye penetrant beachmarks made at several points during the tests.

1.
Landes
,
J. D.
and
Begley
,
J. A.
, “
Test Results from J-Integral Studies: An Attempt to Establish a JIc Testing Procedure
” in
Fracture Analysis—Proceedings of the 1973 National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics
, Part II, ASTM STP 560,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1974
, pp. 170-186.
2.
Ernst
,
H. A.
,
Paris
,
P. C.
, and
Landes
,
J. D.
, “
Estimations on J-Integral and Tearing Modulus T from a Single Specimen Test Record
” in
Fracture Mechanics—13th Conference
, ASTM STP 743,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1981
, pp. 476-502.
3.
Clarke
,
G. A.
,
Andrews
,
W. R.
,
Paris
,
P. C.
, and
Schmidt
,
D. W.
, “
Single Specimen Tests for JIc Determination
” in
Mechanics of Crack Growth
, ASTM STP 590,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1976
, pp. 27-42.
4.
Clarke
,
G. A.
, “
Single-Specimen Tests for JIc Determination—Revisited
” in
Fracture Mechanics—13th Conference
, ASTM STP 743,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1981
, pp. 553-575.
5.
Albrecht
,
P.
,
Andrews
,
W. R.
,
Gudas
,
J. P.
,
Joyce
,
J. A.
,
Loss
,
F. J.
,
McCabe
,
D. E.
,
Schmidt
,
D. W.
, and
Van Der Sluys
,
W. A.
, “
Tentative Test Procedure for Determining the Plane Strain JI-R Curve
,”
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
 0090-3973, Vol.
10
, No.
6
,
1982
, pp. 245-251.
6.
Carlson
,
K. W.
and
Williams
,
J. A.
, “
The Effect of Crack Length and Side Grooves on the Ductile Fracture Toughness Properties of ASTM A533 Steel
,” Report CR-1711,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
, Washington, DC,
1980
.
7.
Davis
,
D. A.
,
Vassilaros
,
M. G.
, and
Gudas
,
J. P.
, “
Specimen Geometry and Extended Crack Growth Effects on JI-R Curve Characteristics for HY-130 and ASTM A533B Steels
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium. Volume II: Fracture Curves and Engineering Applications
, ASTM STP 803,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1983
, pp. II-582-II-610.
8.
Gudas
,
J. P.
,
Joyce
,
J. A.
, and
Davis
,
D. A.
, “
Investigation of Specimen Geometry Modifications to Determine the Conservative JI-R Curve Tearing Modulus Using the HY-130 Steel System
” in
Fracture Mechanics (Eleventh Conference)
, ASTM STP 677,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1979
, pp. 474-485.
9.
Voss
,
B.
and
Mayville
,
R. A.
, “
The Use of the Partial Unloading Compliance Method for the Determination of JI-R Curves and JIc
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture Test Methods: The User's Experience
, ASTM STP 856,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1985
, pp. 117-130.
10.
Gudas
,
J. P.
and
Davis
,
D. A.
, “
Evaluation of the Tentative JI-Curve Testing Procedure by Round Robin Tests of HY 130 Steel
,”
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
 0090-3973, Vol.
10
, No.
6
,
1982
, pp. 252-262.
11.
Bucci
,
R. J.
,
Paris
,
P. C.
,
Landes
,
J. D.
, and
Rice
,
J. R.
, “
J-Integral Estimation Procedures
” in
Fracture Toughness (Proceedings of the 1971 National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics)
Part II, ASTM STP 514,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1972
, pp. 40-69.
12.
Adams
,
N. J.
and
Munro
,
H. G.
, “
A Single Test Method for Evaluation of the J-Integral as a Fracture Parameter
,”
Engineering Fracture Mechanics
 0013-7944, Vol.
6
,
1974
, pp. 119-132.
13.
Wu
,
S. X.
, “
Crack Length Calculation Formula for Three-Point Bend Specimens
,”
International Journal of Fracture
, Vol.
24
, No.
1
,
1984
, pp. R33-R35.
14.
Tada
,
H.
,
Paris
,
P. C.
, and
Irwin
,
G. R.
,
The Stress Analysis of Cracks Handbook
,
Del Research Corp.
,
Hellertown, PA
,
1973
.
15.
Lo-a-Foe
,
T. C. G.
, “
The Unloading Compliance Method for the Determination of the Amount of Stable Crack Extension
,” Report MMPP235/EV1338,
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
, Delft, the Netherlands,
1984
(in Dutch).
16.
Shih
,
C. F.
,
De Lorenzi
,
H. G.
, and
Andrews
,
W. R.
, “
Elastic Compliances and Stress-Intensity Factors for Side-Grooved Compact Specimens
,”
International Journal of Fracture
, Vol.
13
,
1977
, pp. 544-548.
17.
Neale
,
B. K.
,
Curry
,
D. A.
,
Green
,
G.
,
Haigh
,
J. R.
, and
Akhurst
,
K. N.
, “
A Procedure for the Determination of the Fracture Resistance of Ductile Steels
,” Report TPRD/B/0495/R84,
Central Electricity Generating Board
, Leatherhead, Surrey, U.K.,
1984
.
18.
De Vries
,
M. I.
, “
Experimental Aspects of Unloading-Compliance J-Tests
,”
Workshop on Ductile Fracture Test Methods
,
Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations
,
Paris
,
12
1982
, pp. 159-168.
19.
Prij
,
J.
, “
Some Finite Element Results of CTS Specimen
,”
Workshop on Ductile Fracture Test Methods
,
Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations
,
Paris
,
12
1982
, pp. 169-180.
20.
Loss
,
F. J.
,
Menke
,
B. H.
,
Gray
,
R. A.
,
Hawthorne
,
J. R.
, and
Waterson
,
H. E.
in “
Structural Integrity of Water Reactor Pressure Vessel Boundary Components
,”
Loss
F. J.
, Ed., Report CR-1128,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
, Washington, DC,
1979
.
21.
Bakker
,
A.
, “
The Three-Dimensional J-Integral: An Investigation into its Use for Post-Yield Fracture Safety Assessment
,” Ph.D. thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
, Delft, the Netherlands,
1984
.
22.
Steenkamp
,
P. A. J. M.
,
Stable Crack Growth and Instability
, Ph.D thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
, Delft, the Netherlands,
1985
.
23.
Wallin
,
K.
and
Saario
,
T.
, “
Feasibility of Using Charpy-Size Specimens in J-R Curve Testing
,”
Workshop on Ductile Fracture Test Methods
,
Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations
,
Paris
,
04
1985
.
24.
Bleeker
,
B. J.
, “
Numerical Simulation of Stable Crack Growth
,” Report MMPP233/EV1331,
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
, Delft, the Netherlands,
1984
(in Dutch).
25.
Kanninen
,
M. F.
,
Rybicki
,
E. F.
,
Stonesifer
,
R. B.
,
Broek
,
D.
,
Rosenfield
,
A. R.
,
Marshall
,
C. W.
, and
Hahn
,
G. T.
, “
Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics for Two-Dimensional Stable Crack Growth and Instability Problems
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture
, ASTM STP 668,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1979
, pp. 121-150.
26.
Sham
,
T. L.
, “
A Finite-Element Study of the Asymptotic Near-Tip Fields for Mode I Plane-Strain Cracks Growing Stably in Elastic-Ideally Plastic Solids
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium. Volume I: Inelastic Crack Analysis
, ASTM STP 803,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1983
, pp. I-52-I-79.
27.
Latzko
,
D. G. H.
,
Turner
,
C. E.
,
Landes
,
J. D.
,
McCabe
,
D. E.
, and
Hellen
,
T. K.
,
Post-Yield Fracture Mechanics
, 2nd ed.,
Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
,
London
,
1984
, p. 167.
28.
Wu
,
S. X.
, “
Plastic Rotational Factor and J-COD Relationship of Three Point Bend Specimen
,”
Engineering Fracture Mechanics
 0013-7944, Vol.
18
, No.
1
,
1983
, pp. 83-95.
29.
Dubbel's Handbook for Machine Building
, Part I, 13th ed.,
Sass
F.
,
Bouche
C.
, and
Leitner
A.
, Eds.,
Springer-Verlag
,
Berlin
,
1974
, p. 230 and p. 437 (in German).
30.
Yagawa
,
G.
and
Hirayama
,
H.
, “
A Finite Element Method for Contact Problems Related to Fracture Mechanics
,”
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
 0029-5981, Vol.
20
,
1984
, pp. 2175-2195.
31.
Steenkamp
,
P. A. J. M.
and
Hartevelt
,
M.
, “
Crack Front Marking by Dye Penetrants
,”
International Journal of Fracture
, Vol.
27
,
1985
, pp. R93-R98.
32.
Van der Sluys
,
W. A.
and
Futato
,
R. J.
, “
Computer-Controlled Single-Specimen J-Test
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium. Volume II: Fracture Curves and Engineering Applications
, ASTM STP 803,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1983
, pp. II-464-II-482.
33.
Buzzard
,
R. J.
and
Fisher
,
D. M.
, “
Load-Displacement Measurement and Work Determination in Three-Point Bend Tests of Notched or Precracked Specimens
,”
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
 0090-3973, Vol.
6
, No.
1
,
1978
, pp. 35-39.
34.
Blauel
,
J. G.
and
Schwalbe
,
K. H.
, “
Minutes of the First Meeting of the European Group on Fracture
,” Task Group I, Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics, Working Party on Fracture Mechanics Testing Standards,
GKSS
,
Geesthacht, West Germany
,
07
1984
.
35.
McCabe
,
D. E.
and
Landes
,
J. D.
, “
JR-Curve Testing of Large Compact Specimens
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium. Volume II: Fracture Curves and Engineering Applications
, ASTM STP 803,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1983
, pp. II-353-II-371.
36.
Yin
,
S. W.
,
Gerbrands
,
R. A.
, and
Hartevelt
,
M.
, “
An Investigation of the Blunting Line
,”
Engineering Fracture Mechanics
 0013-7944, Vol.
18
, No.
5
,
1983
, pp. 1025-1036.
37.
Bakker
,
A.
, “
A DC Potential Drop Procedure for Crack Initiation and R-Curve Measurements During Ductile Fracture Tests
” in
Elastic-Plastic Fracture Test Methods: The User's Experience
, ASTM STP 856,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1985
, pp. 394-410.
38.
Steenkamp
,
P. A. J. M.
, “
Investigation into the Validity of J-Based Methods for the Prediction of Ductile Tearing and Fracture
,” Ph.D. thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
, Delft, the Netherlands,
1986
.
39.
Houssin
,
B.
, “
Rotation Correction for Stainless Steel Specimens in the Unloading Compliance Method
,”
Workshop on Ductile Fracture Test Methods
,
Paris
,
Committee for the Safety of Nuclear Installations
,
1982
, pp. 233-243.
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