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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Aspects of Lubricant Oxidation
By
WH Stadtmiller
WH Stadtmiller
1
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
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AN Smith
AN Smith
2
General Electric Gas Turbine
,
editors
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-0482-0
ISBN:
978-0-8031-0482-2
No. of Pages:
88
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1986

Lubricant degradation under in-service conditions can be often traced to oxidation. Environmental effects under in-service conditions are often recognized to affect the oxidation pathways of lubricants. In this study, environmental factors such as metal catalysts, fuel components, and oxides of nitrogen are studied systematically in a simple oxidation test. The test consists of bubbling air into the oil sample at 175°C. Periodic samples were withdrawn and analyzed. Results show that the environmental factors not only have significant influence on the rate of oxidation, but also on the oxidation pathway of how lubricants degrade. The acid number increase was found to be an important parameter in monitoring the lubricant degradation mechanisms.

1.
Hsu
,
S. M.
,
Lubrication Engineering
, Vol.
37
, No.
12
,
1981
, pp. 722-731.
2.
Gates
,
R. S.
and
Hsu
,
S. M.
,
Lubrication Engineering
, Vol.
40
, No.
1
,
1984
, pp. 27-33.
3.
Ku
,
C. S.
and
Hsu
,
S. M.
,
Lubrication Engineering
, Vol.
40
, No.
2
,
1984
, pp. 75-83.
4.
Mahoney
,
L. R.
,
Korcek
,
S.
,
Hoffman
,
S.
, and
Willermet
,
P. A.
, “
The Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of New and Used Lubricants: Method of Application
,”
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Prod. R&D
, Vol.
17
, No.
250
,
1978
.
5.
Murray
,
D. W.
,
Clarke
,
C. T.
,
MacAlpine
,
G. A.
, and
Wright
,
P. G.
, “
The Effect of Base Stock Composition on Lubricant Performance
,” SAE SP 526,
Base Oils for Automotive Lubricants
,
SAE
,
Warrendale, PA
,
1982
.
6.
Mayo
,
F. R.
,
Chemical Research Journal
,
American Chemical Society
,
1968
, pp. 193-201.
7.
Kochi
,
J. K.
, ed.,
Free Radicals
, Vol.
1
,
Wiley
,
New York
,
1973
.
8.
Bach
,
M. H.
, “
Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons
,” NBS SP 357,
The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis, Oxidation, and Burning of Organic Materials
,
1972
, pp. 17-31.
9.
Layokun
,
S. K.
and
Slater
,
D. H.
, “
Mechanism and Kinetics of Propane Pyrolysis, Process Design and Development
,”
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
, Vol.
18
, No.
2
,
1979
.
10.
Clark
,
D. B.
,
Klaus
,
E. E.
, and
Hsu
,
S. M.
,
Lubrication Engineering
, Vol.
41
, No.
5
,
1985
, pp. 280-287.
11.
Lahijani
,
J.
,
Lockwood
,
F. E.
, and
Klaus
,
E. E.
,
Transactions
,
American Society of Lubrication Engineers
, Vol.
25
,
1982
, pp. 25-31.
12.
ASTM D 943, “
Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
,” 1982
Annual Book of ASTM Standards
Part 23,
ASTM
,
Philadelphia, PA
,
1982
, p. 437.
13.
IP 280, “
Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Turbine Oils
,”
IP Standards for Petroleum and its Products
, Part I,
The Institute of Petroleum
,
London
,
1979
.
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