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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Compression Testing of Homogeneous Materials and Composites
By
R Chait
R Chait
1
Army Materials and Research Mechanics Center
,
Watertown, Mass. 02172
;
symposium co-chairman and co-editor
.
Search for other works by this author on:
R Papirno
R Papirno
2
Army Materials and Research Mechanics Center
,
Watertown, MA, symposium chairman and editor
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-0248-8
ISBN:
978-0-8031-0248-4
No. of Pages:
302
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1983

The objective of this research is to provide quantitative information on the stress and deformation states induced in the compression of metallic cylinders. Of particular interest are the conditions prevailing after barreling occurs and when large reductions in height are induced, including the onset of fracture. Interior as well as surface states of stress, strain, and displacement are needed to formulate a reliable fracture criterion, since it has been shown in a companion paper that there are competitive fracture modes at several sites within the specimen.

The analysis was conducted by employing the HEMP code, a finite difference program that solves the equations of motion in two spatial dimensions and time. Independently obtained constitutive data were used and included the effects of workhardening materials. Large strain behavior is accounted for as well as finite rotations, two effects that become critical as the deformation proceeds. The role of friction between specimen and end platens was accounted for.

Theoretical results are in the form of distributions of stress, strain, and deformation within the specimen. Comparisons were made whenever possible with companion experimental observations, such as dimensions of the deformed specimen, appearance of heavily deformed zones versus the lightly deformed ones that appear in sectioned specimens, and finally details of the deformation involved in the roll-over process occurring near the specimen-platen interface. Such comparisons help establish confidence in the validity of the theoretical results and thus in the predictions of the stress/strain states prevailing at the onset of experimentally observed fracture. Such data are vital in establishing valid fracture criteria under nominally compressive loads. We do not propose such a criterion in this paper, since we believe it necessary to obtain more experimental and analytical data before such a model can be considered both general and reliable. We do discuss some elements that such a model should encompass.

1.
Kuhn
,
H. A.
, “
Workability in Hot and Cold Deformation Processes
,”
Formability, Analysis Modeling, and Experimentation
,
Hecker
S. S.
,
Ghosh
A. K.
, and
Gegel
H. L.
, Eds., published by the
Metallurgical Society of the AIME
,
New York
,
1978
, pp. 259-280.
2.
Papirno
,
R.
,
Mescall
,
J.
, and
Hansen
,
A.
, “
Fracture in Axial Compression Tests of Cylinders
,”
Compression Testing of Homogeneous Materials and Composites
, ASTM STP 808,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
1983
, pp. 40-63.
3.
Wilkins
,
M. L.
, “
Calculation of Elastic-Plastic Flow
,” Report UCRL-7322, Revision I,
Lawrence Livermore Laboratories
, Livermore, Calif.,
1969
.
4.
Bluhm
,
J. I.
and
Morrissey
,
R. J.
, “
Fracture in a Tensile Specimen
,”
International Conference on Fracture
, Vol.
3
,
Japanese Society for Strength and Fracture of Materials
,
Sendai
, Japan, 1965, pp. 1739-1780.
5.
Chait
,
R.
, “
Factors Influencing the Strength Differential of High Strength Steels
,”
Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol.
3
, No.
2
,
02
1972
, p. 365.
6.
Bridgman
,
P. W.
,
Studies in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture
,
McGraw Hill
,
New York
,
1952
, pp. 74-80.
7.
Kuhn
,
H. A.
and
Lee
,
P. W.
, “
Strain Instability and Fracture at the Surface of Upset Cylinders
,”
Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol.
2
, No.
11
,
11
1971
, pp. 3197-3202.
8.
Papirno
,
R.
,
Mescall
,
J. F.
, and
Hansen
,
A. M.
, “
Beyond the Taylor Test to Fracture
,”
Proceedings of the Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics
, AMMRC Monograph MS 80-4,
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
,
Watertown, Mass.
,
1980
, pp. 367-387.
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