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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Durability of Building Materials and Components
By
PJ Sereda
PJ Sereda
1Division of Building Research,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa,
Canada
;
editors
.
Search for other works by this author on:
GG Litvan
GG Litvan
1Division of Building Research,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa,
Canada
;
editors
.
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-0325-5
ISBN:
978-0-8031-0325-2
No. of Pages:
1047
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1980

Water held in the pores of a solid becomes unstable when cooled to temperatures below 0°C. If the conditions permit, the water leaves the pores and ice accumulates outside the system. In case of high cooling rate, high degree of saturation, and long diffusion path, the water cannot reach the external surface and solidifies in a glassy, amorphous state. Mechanical damage occurs only in the latter case. This mechanism is not indigenous to any single type of solid, thus it is applicable to cement paste, stone, and brick, and could be used for increasing the durability of porous materials and for improving test procedures.

1.
Johnson
,
A. W.
, “
Frost Action in Roads and Airfields—A Review of the Literature
,” Special Report No. 1,
Highway Research Board
, Washington, D.C.,
1952
.
2.
Litvan
,
G. G.
, “
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
,” Vol.
9
,
1978
, pp. 253–302.
3.
Litvan
,
G. G.
, RILEM-IUPAC International Symposium on Pore Structure and Properties of Materials, Prague,
1973
,
Proceedings II
, F17-F30.
4.
Sidebottom
,
E. W.
and
Litvan
,
G. G.
,
Transaction
, Faraday Society, Vol.
67
, No.
9
,
09
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, pp. 2726–2736.
5.
Litvan
,
G. G.
,
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
 0021-9797, Vol.
38
, No.
1
,
01
1972
, pp. 75–83.
6.
Litvan
,
G. G.
,
Journal of the American Ceramic Society
 0002-7820, Vol.
55
, No.
1
,
01
1972
, pp. 38–42.
7.
Litvan
,
G. G.
,
Journal of the American Ceramic Society
 0002-7820, Vol.
58
, Nos.
1–2
,
01
1975
, pp. 26–30.
8.
Litvan
,
G. G.
in
Masonry: Past and Present, ASTM STP 589
,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
1975
, pp. 123–132.
9.
Keey
,
R. B.
in
Drying Principles and Practice
,
Pergamon Press
,
Oxford
,
1972
, p. 41.
10.
Hudec
,
P. P.
in
Proceedings
, Symposium on the Geology of the Canadian Arctic,
Aitken
J. D.
and
Glass
D. J.
, Eds.,
Geological Association of Canada
,
1973
.
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