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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1978
By
AJ Glass,
AJ Glass
1
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
?Livermore, California 94550
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AH Guenther
AH Guenther
2
Air Force Weapons Laboratory
?Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-0085-X
ISBN:
978-0-8031-0085-5
No. of Pages:
363
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1979
eBook Chapter
Simplified Description of Dielectric Reflectors
By
M. Sparks
,
M. Sparks
1
Xonics, Incorporated Santa Monica
, California 90401
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M. Flannery
M. Flannery
1
Xonics, Incorporated Santa Monica
, California 90401
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Page Count:
10
-
Published:1979
Citation
Sparks, M, & Flannery, M. "Simplified Description of Dielectric Reflectors." Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1978. Ed. Glass, A, & Guenther, A. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 1979.
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The spectral reflectance, R(ω), of a quarter-wave reflector is quite asymmetric in general as a result of absorption. The maximum electric field E in an infinite stack is in the center of the high-index (low-index) layer at the low-frequency (high-frequency) end of the high-reflection band. Thus, the absorptance minimum of a stack having much greater absorption in the high-index material occurs at ω> ωc (band center). Operation at ω> ωc could increase the damage resistance if the high-index material is easily damaged. At ωc, E decays rapidly. As ω departs from ωc in an infinite reflector, E penetrates deeper into the coating, with no decay at the band edges. The peak-to-peak distance in an infinite dielectric stack is constant for all frequencies in the band. By using the continuity of E and dE/dz, E can be obtained from E= 0 at the metallic substrate or, in an infinite stack, from E=0 at the reflector surface for ω = ωC or E=0 in the center of the high- or lowindex layer at the band edges. Simple closed-form approximations for the spectral absorptance and the phase of E are accurate and sufficient for present applications.
References
1.
The data from which figure 1 was plotted is from the following references: Aluminum and gold:
Bennett
Jean M.
and Ashley
E. J.
, Appl. Opt.
0003-6935 4
, 223 (1965
), and Bennett
H. E.
, Silver
M.
, and Ashley
E. J.
, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
0030-3941 53
, 1093 (1963
); copper:
High Energy Laser Mirrors and Windows
, Semiannual Report No's. 7 and 8, Naval Weapons Center
, China Lake, Ca., 07
1976
, p. 59, and Bennett
H. E.
, Soileau
M. J.
, and Archibald
P. C.
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials
, NBS Spec. Publ. 435, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, July 29–31, 1975; silver:
Bennett
Jean M.
and Ashley
E. J.
, Appl. Opt.
0003-6935, and High Energy Laser Mirrors and Windows, Semiannual Report No. 3, Naval Weapons Center
, China Lake, Ca., Mar.–Sept. 1963, p. 79; gallium, mercury, and sodium:
American Institute of Physics Handbook
, third edition (McGraw-Hill
, New York
, 1972
); molybdenum:
High Energy Laser Mirrors and Windows
, Semiannual Report No. 6, Naval Weapons Center
, China Lake, Ca., Sept. 1974–Mar. 1975, p. 9.2.
Values of parameters for Aℓ2O3/Si in figure 2 are as follows: nL(Aℓ2O3) = 1.733, βL(Aℓ2O3) = 100 cm-1, nH (Si) = 3.436, and β (Si) = 8.1 cm-1 at λ =2.75 µm; AS = 99.1 percent for silver at 2.7 to 3.8 µm. Values of n and AS are from the
American Institute of Physics Handbook
, third edition, Gray
Dwight E.
, editor (McGraw-Hill
, New York
, 1972
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Miles
P. A.
, Hopson
J. E.
, and Beauchamp
W. T.
in High Power Laser Optical Components and Component Materials
, compiled by James S. Harris and Charles L. Strecker, Boulder, Colo., Oct. 3–4, 1977, p. 257.3.
Values of parameters for As2S3/GeSe at 2.75 µm in figure 2 are as follows: nL (As2S3) = 2.42, from
American Institute of Physics Handbook
, third edition, Gray
Dwight E.
, editor (McGraw-Hill
, New York
, 1972
), pp. 6–54; nH(GeSe) = 3.1 is an approximate value; β(As2S3) = 0.27 cm-1, which is a very rough estimate at 2.75 ym, is the µ =5.3 µm value from
Willingham
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, Bua
D.
, Statz
H.
, and Horrigan
F.
, Raytheon Research Division Final Technical Report, Contract DAAH01-74-C-0719, 08
1975
; and β(As2S3) = 31 cm-1, which is a very rough estimate at 2.75 µm, is from the value β(As2S3) = 16 cm-1 at µ = 10.6 µm, from
Lewis
John F.
and Ohmer
Melvin C.
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1976
, NBS Spec. Publ. 462, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, July 13–15, 1976, p. 279.4.
Lissberger
P. H.
, Rep. Prog. Phy.
0034-4885 33
, 197 (1970
).5.
Heavens
O. S.
, Optical Properties of Thin Solid Films
(Dover
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Joseph
H. Apfel
, John
S. Matteucci
, Brian
E. Newnam
, and Dennis
H. Gill
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1976, NBS Spec. Publ. 462, edited by Glass
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and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, July 13–15, 1976, p. 301.7.
Joseph
H. Apfel
, App. Opt.
0003-6935 16
, 1880 (1977
); Joseph
H. Apfel
, Appl. Opt.
0003-6935 15
, 2339 (1976
); in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1977
, NBS Spec. Publ. 509, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, Oct. 4–6, 1977, p. 251.8.
Brian
E. Newnam
, Dennis
H. Gill
, and George
Faulkner
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1975, NBS Spec. Publ. 435, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, July 29–31, 1975, p. 254.9.
Gill
Dennis H.
, Newnam
Brian E.
, and McLeod
John
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1977, NBS Spec. Publ. 509, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, Oct. 4–6, 1977, p. 260.10.
Sparks
M.
, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
0030-3941 67
, 1590 (1977
).11.
Sparks
M.
and Flannery
M.
, to be published.12.
Koppelmann
G.
, Ann. Phys. (Leip.)
7
, 388 (1960
).13.
Flannery
M.
, Sparks
M.
, and Loh
, E.
Jr., Appl. Opt.
0003-6935, in press.14.
Sparks
M.
, Theoretical Studies of High-Power Ultraviolet and Infrared Materials
, Xonics Eighth Technical Report, Contract DAHC15-73-C-0127, 31
12
1976
; Sparks
M.
and Loh
, E.
Jr., Theoretical Studies of High-Power Ultraviolet and Infrared Materials
, Xonics Final (Eleventh) Technical Report, Contract DAHC15-73-C-O127, 31
03
1978
.15.
The values of nL(ThF4) = 1.527 and nH (ZnS) = 2.24 at µ= 2.75 µm are from
Sparks
M.
, Theoretical Studies of Materials for High-Power Infrared Coatings
, Xonics Sixth Technical Report, Contract DAHC15-73-C-0127, 31
12
1975
, p. 139; and Kraatz
P.
in Proceedings of the High Power Laser Optical Components and Component Materials Meeting, compiled by James S. Harris and Charles L. Strecker, Boulder, Colo.
, Oct. 3–4, 1977, p. 401.16.
Bettis
J. R.
, House
R. A.
, Guenther
A. H.
, and Austin
R.
in Proceedings of a Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1975, NBS Spec. Publ. 435, edited by Glass
A. J.
and Guenther
A. H.
, Boulder, Colo.
, July 29–31, 1975, p. 289.
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