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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Gray, Ductile, and Malleable Iron Castings—Current Capabilities
By
H. J. Heine
H. J. Heine
1
Technical director
,
Malleable Founders Society
,
Cleveland, Ohio
;
chairman
, ASTM Task Force.
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-6648-6
ISBN:
978-0-8031-6648-6
No. of Pages:
99
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1969

There can be no question about the decrease in design efficiency because of the use of ideal mechanical properties listed in the handbooks plus nebulous factors of safety based solely on experience. This practice imposes special difficulties for the younger engineers. Would it not be better to use factual strengths based on tests of specimens representing actual parts rather than the highly polished specimens? If the following factors are observed, handbook yield strengths and moduli of elasticity are ensured in cast, wrought, and welded parts: 1. Ensured hardness by testing the parts 100 percent if necessary. 2. No gross surface defects. 3. No crack-like defects that are improperly oriented in highly stressed areas. 4. Not more than 50 percent of the section removed by machining. If these four precautions are observed, proof will be offered that, if the stress concentration is kept under 1.5, design strengths for a typical “soft” steel can be increased from the present nominal 15,000 to 20,000 to 25,000 psi.

1.
Characterization
,”
Metal Progress
,
04
1968
, pp. 65 and 66.
2.
Willey
and
Briggs
,
Properlies of Thick Section Steel Castings
, Research Report 50,
Steel Founders Society of America
, Rocky River, Ohio,
1964
.
3.
Caine
,
J. B.
,
Design of Ferrous Castings
,
American Foundrymen's Society
,
Des Plaines, Ill.
, (a) Chapters 4 and 5; (b) Chapter 18, (c) Chapter 14; and (d) Chapter 5.
4.
Breznyak
and
Wallace
,
Impact Properties of Cast Steel Sections with Surface Discontinuities
,
Steel Foundry Research Foundation
,
Rocky River, Ohio
,
1967
.
5.
Pellini
and
Pusak
, “
Fracture Analysis Diagram Procedures for the Fracture Safe Engineering Design for Steel Structures
,” Naval Research Laboratory Report 5920,
1963
.
Reprinted by
Pellini
and
Pusak
in
Transactions
of
American Foundrymen's Society, American Society for Metals, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and American Welding Society
, 1963–1965.
6.
Evans
,
E. B.
,
Egbert
,
L. J.
, and
Briggs
,
C. W.
, “
Fatigue Properties of Comparable Cast and Wrought Steels
,”
Proceedings, American Society for Testing and Materials
, Vol.
56
,
1956
, pp. 979–1011.
7.
Vishnevsky
,
Bertolino
, and
Wallace
,
The Effects of Surface Discontinuities on the Fatigue Properties of Cast Steel Sections
,
Steel Foundry Research Foundation
,
Rocky River, Ohio
,
1966
.
8.
Vishnevsky
,
Bertolino
, and
Wallace
.
The Evaluation of Discontinuities in Commercial Steel Castings by Dynamic Loading to Failure in Fatigue
,
Steel Foundry Research Foundation
,
Rocky River, Ohio
,
1967
.
9.
Weck
,
R.
, “
A Rational Approach to the Standards for Welded Construction
,”
Welding Engineer
 0043-227X, Vol.
52
,
09
1967
, pp. 66–71.
10.
Horger
,
O. J.
, “
Fatigue Properties of Large Sections
,”
Fatigue
.
American Society for Metals
,
Metals Park, Ohio
,
1954
, pp. 77–117.
11.
Turnbull
and
Wallace
,
Effect of Shrinkage Porosity on Mechanical Properties of Steel Casting Sections
,
Steel Foundry Research Foundation
,
Rocky River, Ohio
,
1962
.
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