Investigation of Liquid Nitrogen Lubrication Effect in Cryogenic Machining

In cryogenic machining, liquid nitrogen (LN2) is well recognized as an effective coolant due to its low temperature, however, its lubrication effect remains unknown. Our previous studies of the change in cutting forces, tool wear, chip microstructure, and friction coefficient indicate a possible lubrication effect by LN2. To verify proposed LN2 mechanisms and distinguish them, idealized disk-flat contact tests were performed. From the test results, the LN2 lubrication effect by altering material properties at low temperature was dependent on the material pairs. An uncoated carbide insert with a low carbon steel or titanium alloy disk test showed reduction of friction under LN2 cooling, but a coated insert increased the friction force. LN2 injection to form a physical barrier or hydrodynamic effect between two bodies is always effective to reduce friction force.