... Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing, an innovative advancement emerging from additive manufacturing, introduces a transformative approach to creating dynamic artifacts. This cutting-edge technology employs shape memory polymers as its core material, enabling the production of items...

... structure design parameters of bilayer actuators and their correspondingly self-assembly speed has been studied. Our main findings the process parameters of 4D printing is a simple and effective design principle for controlling the speed of self-assembly. By properly designing the bilayer actuators, 3D...

... Abstract 4D printing, as an emerging technology, fabricates structures with smart materials which deform under stimuli. The bilayer structure is special in 4D printing that has lots of capabilities such as self-folding. The prediction of bilayer structure deformation in the design phase is very...

... Abstract 4D printing has great potential for fabricating patient-specific and stimuli responsive 3D structures for the medical sector. This paper conducts a systematic research about mechanical behavior based on 4D printing bilayer helical structure. The anisotropic characteristics...

...4D PRINTED SHAPE MEMORY POLYMER COMPOSITE STRUCTURES FOR DEPLOYABLE SMALL SPACECRAFTS Madhubhashitha Herath, Mainul Islam, Jayantha Epaarachchi1 Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba, Australia Fenghua Zhang, Jinsong Leng Center for Smart Materials and Structures...

... Abstract In the traditional 4D printing method using Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), the design process and preparation of 4d printing are complex. In this research, we proposed a design method of a temperature-driven SMP smart structure and made Realization. This smart structure also a bilayer...