With the advancement of experimental and computational techniques, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) airflow models of the respiratory system have increasingly been used to evaluate aerosol deposition, gas exchange and airflow characteristics under various physiological and/or disease conditions. One specific application that is emerging in the field of toxicology is assessing the risk for exposure to highly reactive, water-soluble gases and vapors including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and acrolein by coupling CFD models of nasal airways of rats and humans to physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models.
Volume Subject Area:
Fluid Mechanics in the Non-Vascular Space
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