Simulation of the Whole Human Spine Using Finite Elements: P & H Version Convergence

Most computational simulations of the human spine focus on one region of interest, often examining the lumbar or cervical spine alone. This allows for simplification the complex nature of the spine and reduction of computational costs. As computational power is increasing, we can begin to examine more of the spine simultaneously without overusing resources. In addition, while current spine simulations provide valuable information regarding local effects of spinal problems, such as scoliosis or intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration [1], they do not evaluate how these injuries affect the spine as a whole. Understanding the motion implications of spine pathologies on the whole spine can influence medical treatment practices in the future.