A One-Step Method to Fabricate PLLA Scaffolds With Deposition of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Using Ice-Based Microporogens

Scaffolding is an essential issue in tissue engineering. We have recently developed an approach to generate HA/collagen coated poly(lactic-glycolic acids) scaffolds using a porogen-leaching method [1]. The approach involves a two-step process with coating first on the paraffin microspheres and then using the coated microspheres both as the porogens and the vehicles to transfer the bioactive apatite/collagen coating. In this study, we describe an advancement of the porogen-based technology using ice-based microporogens to deposit multiple bioactive agents into the desired scaffold in a single step.