The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is frequently injured, but it has limited healing potential. Surgical reconstruction using soft tissue autografts is often required for active patients. However, about 20–25% of patients have less than satisfactory results and some even developed of osteoarthritis in the long-term. Thus, there is a need for alternative approaches. With advances in functional tissue engineering, healing of the ACL using growth factors and/or bioscaffolds has generated new clinical interests [1].

This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.