Bone Formation and Inhibition of Bone Loss by Dynamic Muscle Stimulation With Altered Interstitial Fluid Pressure

Tissue-level mechanisms and functions, including bone strain and muscle, are the potential key players in bone physiology and adaptation [1,2,3]. However, the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Exercise such as muscle contraction appears to increase blood flow to the skeletal tissues, i.e., bone and muscle. These evidences imply that bone fluid flow induced by muscle dynamics may be an important role in regulating fluid flow through coupling of muscle and bone via microvascular system.