... expansion joints have internal sleeves that separate the flow from bellow convolutions. Current EJMA standards do not give detailed guidance on designing these sleeves for reverse flow conditions. An industry design utilizes longitudinal slots in the sleeve to equalize pressure on the inner and outer...

... 14 01 2011 This paper proposes a method to estimate the actual reaction loads in gimbal and hinged metal bellows expansion joints. Friction and some media pressure forces, which are not considered in current EJMA Standard calculations, are added to bellows spring rate to estimate...

... (EJMA) with regard to squirm are also reviewed and discussed. Finally, the results of the theoretical, empirical, and analytical investigations into the squirm phenomenon are utilized to identify some very practical solutions and recommendations to avoid the possibility of catastrophic failure of u...

... Manufacturers Association Standards (EJMA) with regard to squirm are also reviewed and discussed. Finally, a summary of the elastic-plastic finite element analysis of the u-shaped bellows is briefly described and compared against previously published theoretical works on the instability of shells of revolution...

... bellows buckling EJMA instability squirm This paper describes some of the considerations for evaluating the structural adequacy of flexible metal hoses utilized in a petro-chemical or process type environment. Specifically, the issues associated with the instability of the metal U...