Other Factors Besides Anti-Seize That Affect Stud/Bolt Breakout and Assembly Torque (K-Factor)

This paper presents information about break out torque and several key elements to consider when specifying joint and disassembly procedures. These key elements include: (1) hardened washer material used, (2) penetrant selection for disassembly, and (3) penetrant application method. This paper also presents experimental K-factor data, including variation recorded from several hardened washer configurations and information from additional K-factor testing.