The Influence of Armor Material Parameters on the Penetration by Long-Rod Projectiles

The Alekseevski-Tate equations have long been used to predict the penetration, penetration velocity, rod velocity, and rod erosion of long-rod projectiles or kinetic-energy penetrators [1]. These nonlinear equations were originally solved numerically, then by the exact analytical solution of Walters and Segletes [2, 3]. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the equations, the penetration was obtained implicitly as a function of time, so that an explicit functional dependence of the penetration on material properties was not obtained. Walters and Williams [4, 5, 6] obtained the velocities, length, and penetration as an explicit function of time by employing a perturbation solution of the non-dimensional Alekseevski-Tate equations. Algebraic equations were obtained for a third-order perturbation solution which showed excellent agreement with the exact solution of the Tate equations for tungsten heavy alloy rods penetrating a semi-infinite armor plate. The current paper employs this model to rapidly assess the effect of increasing the impact velocity of the penetrator and increasing the armor material properties (density and target resistance) on penetration. This study is applicable to the design of hardened targets.