Abstract
Human error is recognized as the most common factor that causes maritime accidents. Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) as a Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) has been widely applied in various industries. However, in the maritime industry, machine, media, and management are also considered as factors that can strongly affect human behavior, judgment, and other human elements. These factors are particularly relevant for bridge resource management that perform the task of maintaining a proper look-out. Therefore, this study considers the effect of those factors integrated with 4M (man, machine, media, management) factors. The study was conducted with 37 collisions accident reports from 2007–2017, using data from the NTSB and TSB-Canada. There are 229 Error Producing Condition (EPC) found in this study. The classification of the EPC to the 4M conducted in this study.
