Warm forming is a manufacturing process in which a workpiece is formed into a desired shape at a temperature range between room temperature and material recrystallization temperature. Flow stress is expressed as a function of the strain, strain rate, and temperature. Based on such information, engineers can predict deformation behavior of material in the process. The majority of existing studies on flow stress mainly focus on the deformation and microstructure of alloys at temperature higher than their recrystallization temperatures or at room temperature. Not much works have been presented on flow stress at warm-forming temperatures. This study aimed to determine the flow stress of stainless steel AISI 316L and titanium TA2 using specially modified equipment. Comparing with the conventional method, the equipment developed for uniaxial compression tests has be verified to be an economical and feasible solution to accurately obtain flow stress data at warm-forming temperatures. With average strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 /s, the stainless steel was tested at degree 600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 °C and the titanium was tested at 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C. Both materials softened at increasing temperatures. The overall flow stress of stainless steel was approximately 40 % more sensitive to the temperature compared to that of titanium. In order to increase the efficiency of forming process, it was suggested that the stainless steel should be formed at a higher warm-forming temperature, i.e. 800 °C. These findings are a practical reference that enables the industry to evaluate various process conditions in warm-forming without going through expensive and time consuming tests.
Skip Nav Destination
ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference
June 13–17, 2011
Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Conference Sponsors:
- Manufacturing Engineering Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4431-1
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Flow Stress Experimental Determination for Warm-Forming Process Available to Purchase
Ting Fai Kong,
Ting Fai Kong
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Search for other works by this author on:
Luen Chow Chan,
Luen Chow Chan
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Search for other works by this author on:
Tai Chiu Lee
Tai Chiu Lee
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Search for other works by this author on:
Ting Fai Kong
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Luen Chow Chan
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Tai Chiu Lee
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Paper No:
MSEC2011-50209, pp. 191-198; 8 pages
Published Online:
September 14, 2011
Citation
Kong, TF, Chan, LC, & Lee, TC. "Flow Stress Experimental Determination for Warm-Forming Process." Proceedings of the ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Volume 2. Corvallis, Oregon, USA. June 13–17, 2011. pp. 191-198. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2011-50209
Download citation file:
7
Views
Related Proceedings Papers
Related Articles
Making the Cut
Mechanical Engineering (November,2001)
High Strain, High Strain Rate Forming of Difficult to Deform Tubular Parts
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (December,2009)
Metallic Forging Using Electrical Flow as an Alternative to Warm/Hot Working
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (February,2007)
Related Chapters
The Relation between Cold-Work-Induced Microstructural Evolution and the Postannealing Grain Structures in Zircaloy-4
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: 20th International Symposium
Part 2, Section II—Materials and Specifications
Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Volume 1, Third Edition
Part 2, Section II—Materials and Specifications
Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Volume 1, Second Edition