... superhydrophilic property. The water contact angle (WCA) of the textured glass surfaces became less than 5° in 0.5 second immediately after the AIC of a-process and remained less than 10° in 1 second even after the samples were stored in air for 192 hours. superhydrophilic water contact angle nano-texture...

... silicon oxide layers between the a-Si and Al. The samples were then annealed in a conventional furnace at various temperatures and durations in air. After annealing, excessive Al was removed by wet selective etching, resulting in nano-textured surfaces with various size, height, and surface coverage...