Abstract
The literature has recognized that developing a Hazard Management Plan is the most efficient way to outline the process of identifying hazards, assessing the hazard risks, and eliminating hazards or mitigating the hazard risks to the acceptable level for a Mass Transit System. Hazard management is a comprehensive, collaborative approach to manage hazards. It brings different hazard analyses and hazard management tools together to identify the hazard, control the hazard, eliminate the hazard, or mitigate the hazard risk to an acceptable level at an early stage. Hazard management is a top-down hazard management process which involves the Hazard Management Plan (HMP) to outline the hazard management process from the initial stages of identifying a hazard to the final stage in the process of closing a hazard. Hazard analyses that are identified by the HMP include: Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) to provide an early assessment of the top-level hazards associated with a design or concept; Operating and Support Hazard Analysis (OSHA) to identify and analyze hazards associated with personnel and procedures during production, installation, testing, training, operations, maintenance, and emergencies; Interface Hazard Analysis (IHA) to capture interface hazards introduced because of fault or failures in the interaction or interface between systems and between system and Civil works which covers both internal and external interfaces; Subsystem Hazard Analysis (SSHA) to identify previously unidentified hazards associated with the design of subsystems, including component failure modes, critical human error inputs, and hazards resulting for functional relationships between components and equipment comprising each subsystem and recommend actions necessary to eliminate identified hazards or control their associated risk to acceptable levels; System Hazard Analysis (SHA) to evaluate top-level hazards to ensure at the system level the hazards are mitigated to an acceptable level; Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to identify weakness in the design (i.e., common mode failures); Failure Modes, Effect Analysis (FMEA) to identify and analyze possible failures early in the design phase so that appropriate actions are taken to eliminate, minimize, or control safety. A Hazard Log is a hazard management tool to collect all the hazards identified from various hazard analyses and manage the hazards to closure. In some cases, where hazards are owned by other parties the HMP process will define Hazard Transfer Forms (HTF) to transfer the hazard to the responsible party who will be responsible to supply the evidence of closure or accept the residual risk. This paper will introduce the HMP, various hazard analyses, hazard log and hazard management process that applies to a Mass Transit System.
