Wicking and Thermal Characteristics of Micropillared Structures for Use in Passive Heat Spreaders

The thermal and hydrodynamic performance of passive two-phase cooling devices such as heat pipes and vapor chambers is limited by the capabilities of the capillary wick structures employed. The desired characteristics of wick microstructures are high permeability, high wicking capability and large extended meniscus area that sustains thin-film evaporation. Choices of scale and porosity of wick structures lead to tradeoffs between the desired characteristics. In the present work, models are developed to predict the capillary pressure, permeability and thin-film evaporation rates of various micropillared geometries. Novel wicking geometries such as conical and pyramidal pillars on a surface are proposed which provide high permeability, good thermal contact with the substrate and large thin-film evaporation rates. A comparison between three different micropillared geometries — cylindrical, conical and pyramidal — is presented and compared to the performance of conventional sintered particle wicks. The present work demonstrates a basis for reverse-engineering wick microstructures that can provide superior performance in phase-change cooling devices.