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Proceedings Papers

Proceedings Volume Cover
ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose)
April 21–25, 2001
Washington, DC, USA
Conference Sponsors:
  • Solar Energy Division
ISBN:
0-7918-1670-2
Solar Engineering 2001: (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose)

General Topics in Solar Thermal

“Honey, I Shrunk the Solar Plant!”
Abraham Kribus
ISEC 2001; 1-8doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-100
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Topics: Solar energy , Electrical measurement , Engines , Fuels , Heat , Mass production , Microelectromechanical systems , Optics , Photovoltaic cells
Progress Toward Roll Processing of Solar Reflective Material
Russell V. Smilgys, Steven P. Wallace, Cheryl E. Kennedy
ISEC 2001; 9-16doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-101
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Topics: Coating processes , Coatings , Reflective materials , Solar energy
Low-Cost Solar Mirror Substrates and Geometries for Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Concentrator Applications
David N. Wells
ISEC 2001; 17-22doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-102
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Topics: Mirrors , Solar energy , Geometry , Solar energy concentrators , Damage , Float glass , Manufacturing , Shapes , Shock (Mechanics)
Optimization of Korean Crop Storage Insulation Systems
JongHo Yoon, Euy-Joon Lee, Moncef Krarti
ISEC 2001; 23-32doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-103
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Topics: Insulation , Optimization , Storage , Design , Construction , Cooling , Energy conservation , Energy consumption , Engineering simulation , Food safety
Comparative Measurements of Different Solar Flux Gauge Types
Jens Kaluza, Andreas Neumann
ISEC 2001; 33-38doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-104
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Topics: Gages , Solar energy , Furnaces , Calibration , Instrumentation , Video cameras

Buildings and Conservation

System Performance Analysis of Overlap Coupled Control Units
Mingsheng Liu, Jinrong Wang
ISEC 2001; 39-43doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-105
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Topics: Air flow , Energy consumption , Peak load , Simulation models , Simulation results , Structures , Valves
Energy Performance Analysis of Coupled Control Units With Both Thermostat and Humidistat
Mingsheng Liu, Jinrong Wang
ISEC 2001; 45-50doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-106
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Topics: Air flow , Computer simulation , Energy consumption , Simulation results , Structures , Temperature controls , Thermal energy
Dehumidification Through Indirect Nighttime Ventilation
Hussein Abaza, Yvan Beliveau, Jim Jones
ISEC 2001; 51-55doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-107
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Topics: Cooling , Dehumidification , Stress , Ventilation
Use of the Discrete Transfer Method for Determination of the Radiation Heat Transfer in a Building Environment
Ricardo Ganem, Allan T. Kirkpatrick, Patrick Burns
ISEC 2001; 57-64doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-108
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Topics: Heat transfer , Radiation (Physics) , Temperature , Combustion chambers , Furnaces , Radiant heating , Solar energy
Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer From Buildings: Part 1 — Analysis and Modeling
Michael P. Deru, Allan T. Kirkpatrick
ISEC 2001; 65-73doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-109
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Topics: Heat , Modeling , Structures , Soil , Boundary-value problems , Finite element analysis , Heat conduction , Latent heat , Precipitation , Temperature
Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer From Buildings: Part 2 — Application
Michael P. Deru, Allan T. Kirkpatrick
ISEC 2001; 75-81doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-110
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Topics: Heat , Structures , Foundations , Heat transfer , Soil , Finite element analysis , Freezing , Heat conduction , Insulation , Precipitation

Solar Dishes

The Salt River Project SunDish Dish-Stirling System
Jessica B. Mayette, Roger L. Davenport, Russell E. Forristall
ISEC 2001; 83-87doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-111
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Topics: Rivers , Engineering prototypes , Sanitary landfills , Solar energy , Sunlight , Design , Electric power generation , Fuels , Generators , Methane
The Advanced Dish Development System Project
Richard B. Diver, Charles E. Andraka, K. Scott Rawlinson, Vern Goldberg, Gary Thomas
ISEC 2001; 89-96doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-112
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Topics: Concentrating solar power , Design , Energy conversion , Heat pipes , Reliability , Solar energy , Solar energy concentrators , Solar energy systems , Solar power , Test facilities
Performance of the SES/Boeing Dish Stirling System
Kenneth W. Stone, Eric Leingang, Gerry Rodriguez, Jonathan Paisley, Jean-Paul Nguyen, Dr. Thomas Mancini, Hans Nelving
ISEC 2001; 97-103doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-113
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Topics: Coolers , Cycles , Energy / power systems , Energy conversion , Energy efficiency , Engines , Manufacturing , Solar energy concentrators , Stirling engines , Testing
SES/Boeing Dish Stirling System Operation
Kenneth W. Stone, Eric Leingang, Bob Liden, Erik Ellis, Tariq Sattar, Dr. Thomas Mancini, Hans Nelving
ISEC 2001; 105-110doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-114
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Topics: Design , Energy / power systems , Energy conversion , Hydrogen , Reliability , Solar energy concentrators , Water

Hybrid Solar Lighting Systems

Hybrid Lighting: Designing an Energy-Saving Strategy for Bioregenerative Space Life Support
Joel L. Cuello
ISEC 2001; 111-117doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-115
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Topics: Design , Light-emitting diodes , Solar energy , Electricity (Physics) , Solar radiation , Engineering simulation , Metals , Mirrors , Simulation
Preliminary Results on Luminaire Designs for Hybrid Solar Lighting Systems
D. D. Earl, J. D. Muhs
ISEC 2001; 119-122doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-116
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Topics: Solar energy , Design , Fibers , Sunlight
Hybrid Solar Lighting System Cost and Performance Analysis
Michael T. Panich, Eric E. Carlson, Michael F. Jerla
ISEC 2001; 123-131doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-117
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Topics: Solar energy , Solar radiation , Daylighting , Fibers , Commercial construction , Electricity (Physics) , Electronic systems , Light , Mirrors , Photovoltaic cells

Solar Heating and Cooling

A Study of the Performance of a Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling System Using Lithium Chloride
Pedro Mago, D. Yogi Goswami
ISEC 2001; 133-139doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-118
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Topics: Cooling systems , Lithium , Temperature , Air conditioning , Flow (Dynamics) , Ventilation , Compression , Education , Simulation , Solar energy
Simulation of an Air-Cooled Solar-Assisted Absorption Air Conditioning System
L. H. Alva Solari, J. E. González
ISEC 2001; 141-149doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-119
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Topics: Absorption , Air conditioning , Simulation , Solar energy , Cooling , Heat , Thermal energy storage , Computer simulation , Computers , Condensers (steam plant)
Roof Integrated Solar Absorber: The Measured Performance of “Invisible” Solar Collectors
Carlos J. Colon, Tim Merrigan
ISEC 2001; 151-159doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-120
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Topics: Roofs , Solar collectors , Solar energy , Engineering prototypes , Plywood , Roofing , Tubing , Asphalt , Metal roofing , Polymers
A Method for Measuring the Creep Behavior of Pressurized Polymer Tubing
Chunhui Wu, Susan C. Mantell, Jane H. Davidson
ISEC 2001; 161-167doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-121
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Topics: Creep , Polymers , Tubing , Wire , Heat exchangers , Strain gages , Anisotropy , Bone , Heat transfer , High pressure (Physics)
Experiences With Using Solar Photovoltaics to Heat Domestic Water
Brian P. Dougherty, A. Hunter Fanney
ISEC 2001; 169-181doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-122
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Topics: Heat , Photovoltaics , Solar energy , Water , Control equipment , Solar water heating , Energy generation , Engineering prototypes , Governments , Manufacturing
Using an Ersatz Thermosiphon Loop to Model Natural Convection Flows Inside a Shallow Enclosure
Jay D. Burch, Keith M. Gawlik
ISEC 2001; 183-190doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-123
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Topics: Flow (Dynamics) , Natural convection , Heat transfer , Buoyancy , Heat exchangers , Temperature , Boundary-value problems , Computational fluid dynamics , Design , Engineering simulation
The Thermal Penalty of an Immersed Heat Exchanger in Integral Collector Storage System
Saurabh Arora, Jane Davidson, Jay Burch, Susan Mantell
ISEC 2001; 191-198doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-124
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Topics: Heat exchangers , Storage , Capacitance , Flow (Dynamics) , Hot water , Simulation , Solar water heating , Stress , System efficiency , Thermal efficiency
Wind Heat Loss From Corrugated, Transpired Solar Collectors
Keith M. Gawlik, Charles F. Kutscher
ISEC 2001; 199-208doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-125
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Topics: Heat losses , Solar collectors , Wind , Flow (Dynamics) , Heat transfer , Suction , Computer simulation , Geometry , Resistance thermometers , Wind tunnels

Resource Assessment

Recent Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty in and Improving Pyranometer Calibrations
Daryl R. Myers, Thomas L. Stoffel, Ibrahim Reda, Stephen M. Wilcox, Afshin M. Andreas
ISEC 2001; 209-216doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-126
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Topics: Actinometers , Calibration , Uncertainty , Errors , Renewable energy , Solar energy , Solar radiation , Teams , Climate change , Design
Development of a Computer Model for Solar Simulation and Shaded Fenestration Design
John Kie-Whan Oh, Jeffrey S. Haberl, Larry O. Degelman
ISEC 2001; 217-223doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-127
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Topics: Computers , Design , Simulation , Solar energy , Solar radiation , Shades and shadows , Heat transfer
Effects of Tilt and Azimuth on Annual Incident Solar Radiation for United States Locations
Craig B. Christensen, Greg M. Barker
ISEC 2001; 225-232doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-128
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Topics: Solar radiation , Artificial neural networks , Climate
Global Surface Solar Energy Anomalies Including El Nino and La Nina Years
C. H. Whitlock, D. E. Brown, W. S. Chandler, R. C. DiPasquale, Nancy A. Ritchey, Shashi K. Gupta, Anne C. Wilber, David P. Kratz, Paul W. Stackhouse
ISEC 2001; 233-240doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-129
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Topics: Solar energy , Electronics , Floods , Gages , Pacific Ocean , Power systems (Machinery) , Reliability , Renewable energy , Resolution (Optics) , Solar energy systems
Frequency Distributions for Hourly and Daily Clearness Indices
Manuel Ibañez, William A. Beckman, Sanford A. Klein
ISEC 2001; 241-247doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-130
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Topics: Density , Probability , Radiation (Physics) , Solar radiation

Photovoltaics

Reducing the Costs of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
James P. Dunlop, Brian N. Farhi, Harold N. Post, Jennifer S. Szaro, Gerard G. Ventre
ISEC 2001; 249-255doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-131
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Topics: Photovoltaic power systems , Roofs
The Importance of Site Surveys in Florida’s PV Buildings Program
Kevin Lynn
ISEC 2001; 257-260doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-132
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Topics: Structures , Photovoltaic power systems , Construction
Field Tests of a PV-Powered Air Monitoring System
L. Sanidad, Y. Baghzouz, R. Boehm, Earl Hodge
ISEC 2001; 261-265doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-133
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Topics: Computers , Cycles , Design , Flow (Dynamics) , Monitoring systems , Photovoltaic power systems , Solar energy
Hybrid PV/Fuel Cell System Design and Simulation
Thanaa F. El-Shatter, Mona N. Eskandar, Mohsen T. El-Hagry
ISEC 2001; 267-273doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-134
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Topics: Design , Fuel cells , Simulation , Stress , Control equipment , Fuels , Hydrogen , Regression models , Simulation results , Solar power
Recommendations for Maximizing Battery Life in Photovoltaic Systems: A Review of Lessons Learned
James P. Dunlop, Brian N. Farhi
ISEC 2001; 275-280doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-135
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Topics: Battery life , Photovoltaic power systems , Batteries , Solar energy , Stress , Testing
Remote Solar, Wind, and Hybrid Solar/Wind Energy Systems for Purifying Water
Brian D. Vick, R. Nolan Clark, Junyi Ling, Shitao Ling
ISEC 2001; 281-286doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-136
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Topics: Energy / power systems , Solar wind , Water , Solar energy , Water treatment , Wind , Control equipment , Design , Electric load , Renewable energy
Solar Ice-Makers Powered by Photovoltaic Cells in Barbados
Oliver StC. Headley, William Hinds
ISEC 2001; 287-294doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-137
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Topics: Ice making equipment , Photovoltaic cells , Solar energy , Cooling , Ice , Photovoltaic power systems , Batteries , Lead-acid batteries , Machinery , Shorelines
Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels
A. Hunter Fanney, Brian P. Dougherty, Mark W. Davis
ISEC 2001; 295-304doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-138
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Topics: Architects , Model validation , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Photovoltaic cells , Photovoltaics , Polysilicon , Roofs , Sales , Signals , Silicon
Applicability of Stand-Alone Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Home Systems in Kenya
David Mwale Ogoli, D. Yogi Goswami
ISEC 2001; 305-312doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-139
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Topics: Developing nations , Energetics , Renewable energy , Sales , Technology development
Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures
Mark W. Davis, A. Hunter Fanney, Brian P. Dougherty
ISEC 2001; 313-325doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-140
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Topics: Photovoltaic cells , Temperature , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Operating temperature , Photovoltaics , Solar radiation , Approximation , Architects , Heat flux , Heat losses
Photovoltaic Phenomena in Thin Film ZnTe-CdSe Heterojunctions
Alexandru Focsha, Petru Gashin, Alexei Simashkevich
ISEC 2001; 327-331doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-141
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Topics: Thin films , Crystals , Shapes , Vapors , Wavelength
Discussion of Strategies for Mounting Photovoltaic Arrays on Rooftops
Stephen F. Barkaszi, James P. Dunlop
ISEC 2001; 333-338doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-142
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Topics: Roofs , Solar cell arrays , Photovoltaic power systems , Design , Solar energy , Systems engineering

Solar Power Towers

Performance of the Directly-Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) Operating at 20 Bar and 1,200°C
A. Kribus, P. Doron, R. Rubin, R. Reuven, E. Taragan, S. Duchan, J. Karni
ISEC 2001; 339-347doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-143
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Topics: Cavities , Flow (Dynamics) , Irradiation (Radiation exposure) , Pressure , Radiation (Physics) , Temperature
Solar-Hybrid Gas Turbine-Based Power Tower Systems (REFOS)
Reiner Buck, Thomas Bräuning, Thorsten Denk, Markus Pfänder, Peter Schwarzbözl, Felix Tellez
ISEC 2001; 349-356doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-144
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Topics: Solar energy , Turbines , Gas turbines , Combined cycle power stations , Combustion chambers , Compressed air , Cycles , Geometry , Heating , Hybrid power systems
Design of “SIREC-1” Wire Mesh Open Volumetric Solar Receiver Prototype
Félix M. Téllez, Manuel Romero, María J. Marcos
ISEC 2001; 357-364doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-145
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Topics: Design , Engineering prototypes , Solar energy , Wire mesh , Manufacturing , Testing , Computers , Sensitivity analysis , Test facilities , Wire
Solar Power Tower (SPT) Design Innovations to Improve Reliability and Performance: Reducing Technical Risk and Cost
Alexis B. Zavoico, William R. Gould, Bruce D. Kelly, Ignacio Grimaldi Pastoril
ISEC 2001; 365-371doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-146
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Topics: Design , Innovation , Reliability , Risk , Solar power , Solar energy , Thermal energy storage , Conceptual design , Electricity (Physics) , Energy generation
The Role of “Allowable Flux Density” in the Design and Operation of Molten-Salt Solar Central Receivers
Lorin L. Vant-Hull
ISEC 2001; 373-379doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-147
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Topics: Density , Design , Solar energy , Temperature , Algorithms , Computers , Design methodology , Hull , Thermal energy
Development of a High-Temperature, Long-Shafted, Molten-Salt Pump for Power Tower Applications
Daniel L. Barth, James E. Pacheco, William J. Kolb, Earl E. Rush
ISEC 2001; 381-386doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-148
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Topics: High temperature , Pumps , Bearings , Valves , Cantilevers , Gravity (Force) , Pipes , Reliability , Solar power , Storage tanks

Solar Troughs

EuroTrough Design Issues and Prototype Testing at PSA
Eckhard Lüpfert, Michael Geyer, Wolfgang Schiel, Antonio Esteban, Rafael Osuna, Eduardo Zarza, Paul Nava
ISEC 2001; 387-391doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-149
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Topics: Design , Engineering prototypes , Testing , Solar energy , Weight (Mass) , Deformation , Finite element analysis , Finite element methods , Finite element model , Mechanical properties
Optimization Studies for Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Systems
Bruce Kelly, Ulf Herrmann, Mary Jane Hale
ISEC 2001; 393-398doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-150
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Topics: Combined cycles , Optimization , Solar energy , Heat recovery steam generators , Steam , Boilers , Combined cycle power stations , Parabolic troughs , Flow (Dynamics) , High pressure (Physics)
Parabolic Trough Power for the California Competitive Market
Henry Price, Robert Cable
ISEC 2001; 399-403doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-151
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Topics: Parabolic troughs , Solar energy , Power stations
TRNSYS Modeling of the SEGS VI Parabolic Trough Solar Electric Generating System
Scott A. Jones, Robert Pitz-Paal, Peter Schwarzboezl, Nathan Blair, Robert Cable
ISEC 2001; 405-412doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-152
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Topics: Modeling , Parabolic troughs , Solar energy , Electrical components , Errors , Simulation , Storage , Thermodynamic power cycles , Transients (Dynamics)
greenius: A New Simulation Environment for Technical and Economical Analysis of Renewable Independent Power Projects
Volker Quaschning, Winfried Ortmanns, Rainer Kistner, Michael Geyer
ISEC 2001; 413-417doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-153
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Topics: Simulation , Computer software , Photovoltaics , Simulation results , Solar thermal power , Wind energy
The DISS Project: Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs — Operation and Maintenance Experience — Update on Project Status
Eduardo Zarza, Loreto Valenzuela, Javier León, H.-Dieter Weyers, Martin Eickhoff, Markus Eck, Klaus Hennecke
ISEC 2001; 419-426doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-154
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Topics: Maintenance , Parabolic troughs , Steam , Solar energy , Test facilities , Solar thermal power
Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs: First Results of the DISS Project
M. Eck, W.-D. Steinmann
ISEC 2001; 427-435doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-155
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Topics: Parabolic troughs , Steam , Steady state , Transients (Dynamics) , Control equipment , Design , Simulation , Solar energy , Two-phase flow
Modular Trough Power Plants
Vahab Hassani, Henry W. Price
ISEC 2001; 437-443doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-156
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Topics: Power stations , Electric power generation , Organic Rankine cycle , Combustion , Developing nations , Energy sustainability , Geothermal power stations , Parabolic troughs , Power systems (Machinery)
Novel Ionic Liquid Thermal Storage for Solar Thermal Electric Power Systems
Banqiu Wu, Ramana G. Reddy, Robin D. Rogers
ISEC 2001; 445-451doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-157
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Topics: Power systems (Machinery) , Solar energy , Thermal energy storage , Density , Temperature , Fluids , Heat capacity , Heat transfer , Nuclear magnetic resonance , Solar thermal power
Development of a Molten-Salt Thermocline Thermal Storage System for Parabolic Trough Plants
James E. Pacheco, Steven K. Showalter, William J. Kolb
ISEC 2001; 453-460doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-158
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Topics: Parabolic troughs , Thermal energy storage , Fluids , Temperature gradient , Capacitance , Density , Fillers (Materials) , Heat transfer , Power stations , Safety

Solar Chemistry

Solar Production of Aluminum by Direct Reduction: Preliminary Results for Two Processes
Jean P. Murray
ISEC 2001; 461doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-159
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Topics: Aluminum , Solar energy , Heat , Metals , Carbon , Furnaces , Alloys , Cavities , Circuits , Climate
Pulsed Gas Feeding for Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas-Solid Vortex Flow Solar Chemical Reactor
Stefan Kräupl, Aldo Steinfeld
ISEC 2001; 463doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-160
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Topics: Solar chemistry , Vortex flow , Solar energy , Methane , Cavities , Engineering prototypes , Fuels , Furnaces , Particulate matter , Sunlight
Heat, Mass and Fluid Flow in a Solar Reactor for Fullerene Synthesis
Tony Guillard, Gilles Flamant, Daniel Laplaze
ISEC 2001; 465doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-161
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Topics: Fluid dynamics , Fullerenes , Heat , Solar energy , Computer simulation , Pressure , Accounting , Carbon , Cooling , Design
Solar-Upgrading of Fuels for Generation of Electricity
Rainer Tamme, Reiner Buck, Michael Epstein, Uriyel Fisher, Chemi Sugarmen
ISEC 2001; 467doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-162
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Topics: Electric power generation , Fuels , Solar energy , Feedstock , Fossil fuels , Gas turbines , Biogas , Carbon dioxide , Combined cycle power stations , Emissions
Photochemical Effects in Carbide Synthesis of d-Group Transition Metals (Ti, Zr; V, Nb, Ta; Cr, Mo, W) in a Solar Furnace at PSA (Plataforma Solar de Almería)
José Rodríguez, Diego Martínez, Luís Guerra Rosa, Jorge Cruz Fernandes, Pedro Miguel Amaral, Nobumitsu Shohoji
ISEC 2001; 469-476doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-163
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Topics: Furnaces , Solar energy , Transition metals , Zirconium , Solar radiation , Carburization , Carbon , Equilibrium (Physics) , Phase diagrams , Graphite
Experimental Investigation of a Vortex-Flow Solar Chemical Reactor for the Combined ZnO-Reduction and CH4-Reforming
Stefan Kräupl, Aldo Steinfeld
ISEC 2001; 477-484doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-164
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Topics: Methane , Solar chemistry , Vortex flow , Solar power , Heat transfer , Solar energy , Chemical processes , Cycles , Energy budget (Physics) , Energy dissipation
Towards the Large Scale Production of Fullerenes and Nanotubes by Solar Energy
Tony Guillard, Gilles Flamant, Daniel Laplaze, Jean-François Robert, Bruno Rivoire, Joseph Giral
ISEC 2001; 485-492doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/SED2001-165
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Topics: Fullerenes , Nanotubes , Solar energy , Carbon , Temperature , Soot , Ablation (Vaporization technology) , Carbon nanotubes , Chemistry , Cooling
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