... and how microorganisms attack metal surfaces remains a challenge. In crude oil transmission pipelines, a kind of aggressive corrosion known as under deposit corrosion (UDC) can occur, wherein mixtures of solids (sands, clays, inorganic minerals), water, oily hydrocarbons, and microorganisms form discreet...

... A UNIFORM RISK METHODOLOGY FOR TRANSMISSION PIPELINES TRANSPORTING CHEMICALS Margreet B. Spoelstra National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Centre for External Safety P.O. Box 1 3720 BA, Bithoven The Netherlands Gerald M.H. Laheij National Institute for Public Health...

... dent mechanical damage transmission pipeline acceptance criteria fatigue life code criteria numerical analysis experimental validation Incident analyses over the last several decades consistently show that outside force is the largest single cause of reportable incidents...