The bulging factor for an external constant-depth axial surface crack in a pipe was calculated by 3D FE simulations. This was done in a manner consistent with Folias’s original work for the axial through-wall-cracked pipe bulging factor (MT), but was evaluated in the elastic to full-plastic conditions. The results demonstrated that the actual surface-cracked pipe bulging factor is considerably lower than the bulging factor empirically derived by Maxey/Kiefner (Mp) back in the 1970s. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that Mp function in the Ln-Secant equation is not truly a bulging factor for axial surface crack. Rather it is an empirically developed equation with many correction factors embedded in it to apply the Dugdale model for prediction of maximum pressure of axial surface-cracked pipes. However, due to this empiricism, this method becomes invalid (or overly conservative) when it is applied in predicting the crack-driving force using the J-based Ln-Secant equation.
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2014 10th International Pipeline Conference
September 29–October 3, 2014
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- Pipeline Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4612-4
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Bulging Factor for Axial Surface Cracks in Pipes
Do-Jun Shim,
Do-Jun Shim
Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus, Columbus, OH
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Gery Wilkowski
Gery Wilkowski
Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus, Columbus, OH
Search for other works by this author on:
Do-Jun Shim
Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus, Columbus, OH
Gery Wilkowski
Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus, Columbus, OH
Paper No:
IPC2014-33440, V003T07A014; 8 pages
Published Online:
December 9, 2014
Citation
Shim, D, & Wilkowski, G. "Bulging Factor for Axial Surface Cracks in Pipes." Proceedings of the 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. Volume 3: Materials and Joining; Risk and Reliability. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. September 29–October 3, 2014. V003T07A014. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2014-33440
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