ECA by Failure Assessment Diagram: Case Studies

State-of-the-art Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) employs the methodology of the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) for stress-based design. Current versions of FADs used in leading standards are reviewed and applied to girth weld flaws in pipelines. The intent of the work is to provide background information as a contribution to a proposed upgrade of the Canadian Standards Association standard Z662, “Oil and gas pipeline systems”.