Welds made onto in-service pipelines are particularly susceptible to hydrogen cracking. During qualification of welding procedures, limits are often imposed on heat-affected zone hardness (e.g., 350 HV max.) as a way to avoid cracking. The hardness level below which hydrogen cracking does not occur is not a fixed value, but varies as a function of several parameters. The results of previous work resulted in the development of hardness evaluation criteria that can be used to quantify the trade-offs that can be made between HAZ hardness, hydrogen level, and the chemical composition of the materials being welded for welds made onto in-service pipelines. This paper describes a current project that is being sponsored in part by the US Department of Transportation – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, which is focusing on the further development and validation of these criteria, particularly for modern microalloyed materials and material over a wide range of wall thicknesses. The use of these criteria will reduce the cost and increase the reliability of pipeline modifications and repairs.
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2008 7th International Pipeline Conference
September 29–October 3, 2008
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- International Petroleum Technology Institute and the Pipeline Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4859-3
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Heat-Affected Zone Hardness Limits for In-Service Welding
William A. Bruce,
William A. Bruce
CC Technologies, Inc., Dublin, OH
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Bradley C. Etheridge,
Bradley C. Etheridge
CC Technologies, Inc., Dublin, OH
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Andrew Carman
Andrew Carman
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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William A. Bruce
CC Technologies, Inc., Dublin, OH
Bradley C. Etheridge
CC Technologies, Inc., Dublin, OH
Andrew Carman
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
Paper No:
IPC2008-64003, pp. 1-9; 9 pages
Published Online:
June 29, 2009
Citation
Bruce, WA, Etheridge, BC, & Carman, A. "Heat-Affected Zone Hardness Limits for In-Service Welding." Proceedings of the 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference, Volume 3. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. September 29–October 3, 2008. pp. 1-9. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2008-64003
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