Mechanical damage is generally considered to be damage that occurs to a pipeline when mechanical excavation, drilling, or boring equipment impinges on a buried pipeline creating scrapes, abrasions, gouges, punctures, and/or dents in the pipeline. Above ground pipelines may also be damaged in a similar manner from impacts by vehicles or projectiles or by willful acts of vandalism. In some cases, immediate failure will occur resulting in potentially catastrophic consequences. It is thus important to understand the conditions that would lead to such a failure in order to ensure that design parameters are selected such that immediate failures occur very rarely. In cases where the damage does not create an immediate failure or the release of gas, the concern generally is that a delayed failure will occur because the integrity of the pipeline has been significantly compromised. In such cases, the possibility is that repeated pressure fluctuations, small increases in pressure, or time-dependent creep will erode whatever margin of safety remains and a failure will ensue. Particularly unsettling are the cases in which damage of this nature is encountered through some form of inspection where the source of the damage and its time of creation are unknown. In such cases, the operator of the pipeline will generally not know what margin of safety remains. There are a number of models in existence that may be used to predict both instantaneous and delayed failures due to mechanical damage and indeed these have been used quite extensively as the basis of repair criteria and for determining safe pipeline operating conditions. Nonetheless, there are significant elements of uncertainty associated with these models and for this reason an adequate reserve factor needs to be incorporated or recourse must be made to probabilistic approaches that address such uncertainty. However, since pipelines are getting older and in some cases are being operated at higher pressures than they were previously, there is a requirement to obtain a better understanding of the significance of mechanical damage. In view of this Pipelines Research Council International (PRCI) and other research bodies, such as European Pipelines Research Group (EPRG), are taking a keen interest in this topic. To this end, PRCI have commissioned an extensive research program to investigate all key aspects of both instantaneous and delayed failures. Kiefner and Associates Incorporated (KAI) and Andrew Francis and Associated Ltd (AFAA) were commissioned to investigate the conditions that cause instantaneous failures. The purpose of this paper is to describe the approach that was adopted and the formulation of the new model that emerged from study. This model is being validated through testing which is currently ongoing.
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2008 7th International Pipeline Conference
September 29–October 3, 2008
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- International Petroleum Technology Institute and the Pipeline Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4858-6
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Towards a New Limit State Function for Determining the Failure Pressure of a Pipeline Containing Mechanical Damage Available to Purchase
Chas Jandu,
Chas Jandu
Andrew Francis & Associates, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
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Bob Francini,
Bob Francini
Kiefner & Associates Inc., Worthington, OH
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Mike Taylor,
Mike Taylor
Andrew Francis & Associates Ltd, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
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Andrew Francis
Andrew Francis
Andrew Francis & Associates, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
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Chas Jandu
Andrew Francis & Associates, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
Bob Francini
Kiefner & Associates Inc., Worthington, OH
Mike Taylor
Andrew Francis & Associates Ltd, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
Andrew Francis
Andrew Francis & Associates, Ripley, Derbyshire, UK
Paper No:
IPC2008-64304, pp. 449-462; 14 pages
Published Online:
June 29, 2009
Citation
Jandu, C, Francini, B, Taylor, M, & Francis, A. "Towards a New Limit State Function for Determining the Failure Pressure of a Pipeline Containing Mechanical Damage." Proceedings of the 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference, Volume 2. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. September 29–October 3, 2008. pp. 449-462. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2008-64304
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