The application of high strength pipeline steels for oil and gas transmission is believed to provide greater gas flow capacity due to increased design pressure, and reduced line pipe cost due to material tonnage savings. However, the use of high strength pipeline steels is concerned with high risk of brittle failures such as hydrogen induced cracking, fractures due to low ductility. In this study, three grades of modern pipeline steel (X65, X80, X100) were examined to determine their susceptibility to hydrogen permeation and hydrogen trapping under the influence of various mechanical loading conditions. The steel samples were placed in a solution of sulfuric acid poisoned with arsenic trioxide to create an environment where hydrogen can enter the steel. Initially, round bar samples were charged for various times at a low current density to establish that 24 hours was a sufficient charging time for the three steels. Tensile samples were loaded and held at stress levels corresponding to the respective yield strength and the amount of hydrogen entering the steel was then measured. The stress, normalized to the yield strength, and hydrogen contents, normalized to as received contents, were used to rank the three steel grades and to find the steel that was the most susceptible to hydrogen entry. For the samples charged prior to loading, two times as much diffusible hydrogen was found in the X100 as compared to the other steels, but the trapped hydrogen content was equivalent. Four loading conditions were used for each grade of steel: 1) 2% strain; 2) 2% strain and hold at load for 24 hours; 3) 2% strain then 100 cycles at R = 0.1; and 4) 2% strain, 100 cycles at R = 0.1 then hold at load for 24 hours. For the loaded samples, the amount of hydrogen, both diffusible and trapped increased with load severity, with the highest amounts found in the highest grades of steel. The most pronounced increase was not found in the X100, but in the X-80 steel. Micro structural features, such as banded structure, seemed to have a more prominent role on the hydrogen content of the X100 than in the other steels as it seemed less affected by the loading condition than by charging time.
Skip Nav Destination
2002 4th International Pipeline Conference
September 29–October 3, 2002
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- Pipeline Division
ISBN:
0-7918-3620-7
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Effect of Loading History on Hydrogen Content in Pipeline Steels Available to Purchase
N. M. Vadhwana,
N. M. Vadhwana
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Search for other works by this author on:
W. Chen
W. Chen
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Search for other works by this author on:
N. M. Vadhwana
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
W. Chen
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Paper No:
IPC2002-27298, pp. 2119-2125; 7 pages
Published Online:
February 24, 2009
Citation
Vadhwana, NM, & Chen, W. "Effect of Loading History on Hydrogen Content in Pipeline Steels." Proceedings of the 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. 4th International Pipeline Conference, Parts A and B. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. September 29–October 3, 2002. pp. 2119-2125. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2002-27298
Download citation file:
12
Views
Related Proceedings Papers
Related Articles
Interaction of Hydrogen Transport and Material Elastoplasticity in Pipeline Steels
J. Pressure Vessel Technol (August,2009)
Design Considerations for Hydrogen Pipelines
J. Pressure Vessel Technol (October,2025)
Failure of Locally Buckled Pipelines
J. Pressure Vessel Technol (May,2007)
Related Chapters
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Performance Evaluation of Commercial Grade API Pipeline Steels in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen
International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2012): Hydrogen-Materials Interactions
Fatigue Crack Growth of Two X52 Pipeline Steels in a Pressurized Hydrogen Environment
International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2012): Hydrogen-Materials Interactions
Fatigue Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels in Gaseous Hydrogen- Predictive Model Calibrated to API-5L X52
International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2012): Hydrogen-Materials Interactions