One of the most important safety features of an automobile is its braking system. The ability of a braking system to provide safe and repeatable stopping is the key to safe motoring. Mechatronics subsystems are more and more developed in automotive industries and in the recent years modern control techniques have been applied to a wide range of many electronic control systems in the automotive industry such as Anti-Lock Brake Systems (ABS). This article proposed an intelligent adaptive control for anti-lock braking system (ABS), to control the desired slip ratio that prevents wheels from locking. A Fuzzy controller having Gaussian memberships is developed to calculate the amount of reduction of the applied torque based on the error signal (the difference between the measured slip ratio and the desired slip ratio). Results of the proposed controller are compared with the results of a PID controller. The scheme is implemented using a quarter car model and simulation tests were carried out in different conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust and effective.

This paper aims to improve vehicle crashworthiness using vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) integrated with an extendable front-end structure (extendable bumper). The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multi-body occupant mathematical model in case of vehicle-to-vehicle full frontal impact. The first model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle’s front-end structure to define the vehicle body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed and solved numerically. The second model is used to capture the occupant kinematics during full frontal collision. The simulations show considerable improvements using VDCS with and without the extendable bumper (EB), which produces additional significant improvements for both vehicle body acceleration and intrusion.

To prevent wheel lock up (and possible loss of control and capsize) during hard braking motorcycle manufacturers have equipped motorcycles with Antilock Brake Systems (ABS) either as an option or as standard equipment. Several studies utilizing real-world crash data have been published which estimate the effectiveness of motorcycle ABS in reducing the risk of a crash based on varying assumptions. These investigations have reported mixed results. The present investigation relies upon the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the Florida police-reported crash databases to further investigate the effectiveness of motorcycle ABS by expanding upon and refining previous approaches. Notably a case-control approach is used whereby crashes involving ABS- and non-ABS-equipped motorcycles are divided into five groups with a varying likelihood that ABS will affect the risk of crashes in that group. The group of crashes with the least likelihood of being influenced by ABS is considered the control group and used as a measure of exposure to crashes. This methodology attempts to reduce any selection biases that might exist in the two motorcycle classes. The results support the hypothesis that ABS is effective in reducing the crash risk in some crash types. However, it was found that the case-control approach does not incorporate all factors that might influence the overall effectiveness of ABS, for example, motorcycle class and operator age. Accounting for these additional factors would likely require the use of regression analyses and would benefit significantly from additional data.

This paper focuses on the use of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) to mitigate vehicle collisions in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique six-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model is developed and analysed in this paper. The model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters by integrating a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated with the full car vehicle dynamics model and integrated with the front-end structure. The associated equations of motion of the model are developed and solved numerically. In this study, different crash scenarios are simulated with different cases of VDCS to investigate their influences on the vehicle collision improvement. ABS, ASC, and anti-pitch control (APC) systems as well as an under pitch control (UPC) technique are applied in this paper, and their results are compared with free rolling crash scenarios. This study shows that the vehicle dynamics/crash response is captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS affect the crash characteristics positively.

This paper made an investigation on the coordinated control scheme of vehicle anti-lock braking system (ABS) and vehicle active suspension. The objective of this investigation is to obtain the maximum braking force on the road and to minimize the stopping distance and meanwhile maintain vehicle directional stability and maintain ride comfort. The controller was designed by using the fuzzy model control theory and was implemented under the Matlab/Simulink software environment. A 7-DOF-vehicle model was used to consider the influences of the non-linearity of tire and suspension. The simulation tests were carried out in various conditions. The action of the ABS combined with active suspension and the effects of applied suspension force on braking performances were examined. The simulation results show that for a particular vehicle there exists an optimal application of the suspension force. Compared with an ABS system without combing active suspension, the proposed control scheme can improve braking performance significantly.

Safer, controlled and efficient braking is the primary objective of Anti-lock Braking System wherein an efficient and robust braking system significantly enhances the vehicle performance during both straight line motion and cornering thus resulting in drastic reduction of stopping time and distance especially for a race car in long run. Hence clocking better lap times and a considerable reduction in wear of tires are an obvious outcome apart from the enhanced vehicle stability. This work on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prediction and control algorithm deals with technical paradigm for estimation of vehicle velocity using wheel angular velocity from wheel rpm sensors as the sole input and methodology to control the braking torque on each wheel so as to prevent loss of traction. The proposed algorithm is modeled using advanced simulating tools involving theoretical estimation of braking torque on each wheel. This is supposed to reduce tire skid with controlled wheel slip estimated using the tire data and the car vehicle dynamics with formula student vehicle as the subject. The work and hence the control algorithm can potentially be extended into a better traction control strategy with acceleration and yaw inputs from accelerometers and yaw sensors.

This paper presents a nonlinear sliding mode type controller for slip regulation in a braking event for an electromagnetic brake-by-wire system equipped automobile. The electromagnetic brake -by-wire system under consideration consists of a set of eddy current brakes attached to the automobile wheels. The anti-lock braking controller modifies the brake torque command generated by a supervisory controller which, in turn, is based on the driver’s command sensed via brake pedal sensors. The modified brake torque command is then generated by a closed loop actuator control algorithm to control the eddy current brake (ECB) system. It is shown in this paper that the proposed anti-lock braking control system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Experimental results are presented for a test vehicle equipped with an electromagnetic brake-by-wire system. Experimental results show that the proposed anti-lock brake control algorithm provides very good slip regulation in a braking event on low friction coefficient surfaces (wet Jennite) when compared with that of a non anti-lock braking event. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed anti-lock braking control system provided a very smooth stop for the vehicle.

With a growing demand for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, lightweight vehicles have gained strong attention in current automotive industry. This paper discusses the development of a brake system for a lightweight vehicle that has significant weight variations. A conventional brake system was first designed and its performance was assessed. In order to improve the brake efficiency and prevent wheel lockup under all loading cases, antilock brake system (ABS) is proposed in which a wheel slip controller based on sliding mode control and a solenoid valve actuator is modeled. In the wheel slip controller, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was used to monitor the brake forces and a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was applied to control the solenoid valve. The overall brake performance was evaluated through simulation of 8 DOF nonlinear vehicle model. The proposed brake system showed significant improvement in brake efficiency.