In this paper, three approaches to micromachined mold master structures for molding of a wafer-scale bone culturing platform are compared and contrasted. The processes investigated are a silicon deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) process, an SU-8/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) process, and a multi-step SU-8 process. Upon comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, a wafer-scale implementation of bone cell culturing substrates is successfully demonstrated using the two-step SU-8 process, and successful duplication of hydrogels based on these molds is demonstrated.

Volume Subject Area:
Microelectromechanical Systems
Topics:
Manufacturing, Micromachining, Bone, Semiconductor wafers, Etching, Hydrogels, Molding, Plasma desorption mass spectrometry, Silicon
1.
Wang
D.
,
Williams
C.
,
Yang
F.
, and
Elisseeff
J. H.
, “
Enhancing the tissue-biomaerial interface: tissue-initiated integration of biometerials
”
Advanced functional materials
,
14
, pp.
1152
–
1159
,
2004
2.
Guldberg
R. E.
,
Ballock
R. T.
,
Boyan
B. D.
,
Duval
C. L.
,
Lin
A. S. P.
,
Nagaraja
S.
,
Oest
M.
,
Phillips
J.
,
Porter
B. D.
,
Robertson
G.
,
Taylor
W. R.
, “
Analyzing bone, blood vessels, and biomaterials with microcomputed tomography
,”
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine
,
22
(
5
), pp.
77
–
83
,
2003
3.
Boyan
B. D.
,
Lossdorfer
S.
,
Wang
L.
,
Zhao
G.
,
Lohmann
C. H.
,
Cochran
D. L.
, and
Schwartz
Z.
, “
Osteoblasts generate an osteogenic microenvironment when grown on surfaces with rough microtopographics
,”
European Cells and Materials
, Vol.
6
, pp.
22
–
27
,
2003
4.
Lossdorfer
S.
,
Schwartz
Z.
,
Wang
L.
,
Lohmann
C. H.
,
Turner
J. D.
,
Wieland
M.
,
Cochran
D. L.
,
Boyan
B. D.
, “
Microrough implant surface topographies increase osteogenesis by reducing osteoclast formation and activity
,”
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
,
70A
(
3
), pp.
361
–
369
,
2004
5.
Zhao
G.
,
Schwartz
Z.
,
Wieland
M.
,
Rupp
F.
,
GeisGerstorfer
J.
,
Cochran
D. L.
,
Boyan
B. D.
, “
High surface energy enhances cell response to tianium substrate microstructure
,”
Journal of Bimedical Materials Research Part A
,
74A
(
1
), pp.
49
–
58
,
2005
6.
Zhang
H.
,
Hutmacher
D. W.
,
Chollet
V.
, et al. “
Microrobotics and MEMS-based fabrication techniques for scaffold-based tissue engineering
,”
Macromolecular Bioscience
,
5
(
6
): pp.
477
–
489
,
2005
7.
G. Zhao, O. Zinger, Z. Schwartz1, M. Wieland, D. Landolt2, and B.D. Boyan, “Osteoblast-like Cells are Sensitive to Submicron Scale Surface Structure,” Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2005 (in press).
8.
Wan
W. K.
,
Campbell
G.
,
Zhang
Z. F.
,
Hui
A. J.
, and
Boughner
D. R.
, “
Optimizing the tensile properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic heart valve stent
,”
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
,
63
(
6
), pp.
854
–
861
,
2002
9.
Jiang
H. J.
,
Campbell
G.
,
Boughner
D.
,
Wan
W. K.
,
Quantz
M.
, “
Design and manufacture of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel tri-leaflet heart valve prosthesis
,”
Medical Engineering & Physics
,
26
(
4
), pp.
269
–
277
,
2004
10.
Qi
M.
,
Gu
Y.
,
Sakata
N.
,
Kim
D.
,
Shirouzu
Y.
,
Yamamoto
C.
,
Hiura
A.
,
Sumi
S.
,
Inoue
K.
, “
PVA hydrogel sheet macroencapsulation for the bioartificial pancreas
,”
Biomaterials
25
(
27
), pp.
5885
–
5892
,
2004
11.
Y. Mita, M. Mita, A. Tixier, J.-P. Gouy, and H. Fujita, “Embedded-mask-methods for mm-scale Multi-layer Vertical/Slanted Si Structures,” IEEE International Conference on Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), 2000, pp. 300–305
12.
Yuan
S.
,
Hung
N. P.
,
Ngoi
B. K. A.
, and
Ali
M. Y.
, “
Development of Microreplication Process-Micromolding
,”
Materials and Manufacturing Processes
,
18
(
5
), pp.
731
–
751
,
2003
13.
Kastantin
M. J.
,
Li
S.
,
Gadre
A. P.
,
Wu
L. Q.
,
Bentley
W. E.
,
Payne
G. F.
,
Rubloff
G. W.
,
Ghodssi
R.
, “
Integrated fabrication of polymeric devices for biological applications
,”
Sensors and Materials
,
15
(
6
), pp.
295
–
311
,
2003
14.
Y. Choi, R. Powers, V. Vernekar, A. B. Frazier, M. LaPlaca, and M.G. Allen, “High Aspect Ratio SU-8 Structures for 3-D Culturing of Neurons,” Proceedings of ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Nov. 2003.
15.
Y.K. Yoon, R. Powers, Y. Choi, C. Courcimault, and M.G. Allen, “Micromachined Polymeric Microvasculatures: A Three-Dimensional Microfluidic System Using Inclined SU-8 Structures and Laser Machining,” 226th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New York, NY, pp. 304–307, 2003
16.
Y.K. Yoon, J.H. Park, F. Cros, and M. G. Allen, “Integrated Vertical Screen Microfilter System Using Inclined SU-8 Structures,” Proceeding of IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Kyoto, Japan, pp. 227–230, 2003
17.
Y. Zhao, B. English, Y. Choi, H. DiBiaso, Y. Guang and M.G. Allen, “Polymeric microcombustors for solid-phase conductive Fuels,” Proceedings of 17th IEEE International Conference on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, January, 2004, The Netherlands.
This content is only available via PDF.
Copyright © 2005
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.