Local Liquid Velocities in Horizontal, Annular Air/Water Flow Available to Purchase

A newly developed flow visualization method that utilizes a three color LED strobe has been used to study the axial and circumferential velocities of the liquid in horizontal, annular two-phase flow. This non-intrusive technique allows the tracking of naturally entertained air bubbles within the liquid film along the top, bottom, and sides of the tube. Sets of images have been obtained for multiple combinations of air and water flow rates ranging in quality from approximately 0.07 to 0.49. The bubble-tracking velocimetry measurement method is explained, and comparison of the current data with past results and their impact on annular flow modeling are discussed. The data do not support two of the four theories for liquid film distribution in annular, horizontal multiphase flow, while the two remaining theories cannot be directly examined using the three color LED strobe measurement technique.