FEM Stress Analysis of the Characteristics of Bolted Joints Under External Loadings (In the Case Where Two Hollow Cylinders Are Clamped)

In designing bolted joints, it is necessary to know the stress distributions in bolted joints. Recently, high strength bolts have been used with a higher bolt preload. As the results, the permanent set occurs sometimes at the bearing surfaces of clamped parts in a bolted joint. In addition, when an external load is applied to the bolted joint, the permanent set can be extended at the bearing surfaces. As the permanent set increases, the reduction in the bolt preload increases. Thus, it is important to estimate the reduction in the bolt preload from the reliability stand point. However, no study on the permanent set at the bearing surface under the external loading has been carried out. In this study, the stress distribution and the extension of the permanent set at the bearing surface of the bolted joint under the external tensile loading are examined using finite element Method (FEM), where two hollow cylinders are clamped with a hexagon bolt and a nut. The spring constants for the hexagon bolt and the clamped parts are analyzed using an axi-symmetrical theory of elasticity. Using the obtained results, an increment in the axial bolt force and the reduction in the bolt preload are estimated. For verification of the FEM stress analysis, the load factor of hexagon bolt was measured. The FEM results of the load factor (the increment in the axial bolt force) and the axial bolt force are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental results and the reduction of the axial bolt force. Finally, discussion is made on the appreciate bolt preload.