Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. GHG emissions from PHEVs and other vehicles depend on both vehicle design and driver behavior. We pose a twice-differentiable, factorable mixed-integer nonlinear programming model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data to determine optimal vehicle design and allocation for minimizing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The resulting nonconvex optimization problem is solved using a convexification-based branch-and-reduce algorithm, which achieves global solutions. In contrast, a randomized multistart approach with local search algorithms finds global solutions in 59% of trials for the two-vehicle case and 18% of trials for the three-vehicle case. Results indicate that minimum GHG emissions is achieved with a mix of PHEVs sized for around 35 miles of electric travel. Larger battery packs allow longer travel on electric power, but additional battery production and weight result in higher GHG emissions, unless significant grid decarbonization is achieved. PHEVs offer a nearly 50% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions relative to equivalent conventional vehicles and about 5% improvement over ordinary hybrid electric vehicles. Optimal allocation of different vehicles to different drivers turns out to be of second order importance for minimizing net life cycle GHGs.
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ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
August 15–18, 2010
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- Design Engineering Division and Computers in Engineering Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4409-0
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
A MINLP Model for Global Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation to Minimize Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Available to Purchase
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau,
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Jeremy J. Michalek
Jeremy J. Michalek
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for other works by this author on:
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Jeremy J. Michalek
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Paper No:
DETC2010-28064, pp. 623-632; 10 pages
Published Online:
March 8, 2011
Citation
Shiau, CN, & Michalek, JJ. "A MINLP Model for Global Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation to Minimize Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. August 15–18, 2010. pp. 623-632. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2010-28064
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