New and more efficient water desalination technologies have been a topic of incipient research over the past few decades. Although much of the attention and efforts have focused on the improvement of membrane-based desalination methods such as reverse osmosis, the development of new high-surface area carbon-based-electrode materials have brought substantial interest towards capacitive deionization (CDI), a novel technique that uses electric fields to separate the ionic species from the water. Part of the new interest on CDI is its ability to store and return a fraction of the energy used in the desalination process. This characteristic is not common to other electric-field-based desalination methods such as electro-deionization (EDI) and electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) where none of the input energy is recoverable. This paper presents work conducted to analyze the energy recovery, thermodynamic efficiency, and ionic adsorption/desorption rates in a CDI cell using different salt concentration solutions and various flow-rates. Voltage and electrical current measurements are conducted during the desalination and porous electrode regeneration processes and used to evaluate the percentage of energy recovery.. Salinity measurements of the inflow and outflow stream concentrations using conductivity probes, alongside the current measurements, are used to calculate ion adsorption/desorption efficiencies. Correlation of these measurements with an analytical species transport model provides information about the net ionic adsorption/desorption rates in non-saturated-carbon-electrode scenarios. The results show a strong dependence of the net electrical energy requirements with the number of carbon electrodes regeneration cycles. Finally, a non-dimensional number that compares the convective and electro-kinetic transport times is presented. The energy requirements and adsorption/desorption rates analyses conducted for this water-desalination process could be extended to other ion-adsorption applications such as the re-process of spent nuclear fuels in a near future.
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ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
July 8–12, 2012
Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, USA
Conference Sponsors:
- Heat Transfer Division
- Fluids Engineering Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4479-3
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Characterization of Ion Transport and -Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes
Rebecca L. Clifton,
Rebecca L. Clifton
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Carlos A. Rios Perez,
Carlos A. Rios Perez
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Rachel Naylor,
Rachel Naylor
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Carlos Hidrovo
Carlos Hidrovo
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Rebecca L. Clifton
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
Carlos A. Rios Perez
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
Rachel Naylor
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
Carlos Hidrovo
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
Paper No:
ICNMM2012-73183, pp. 579-587; 9 pages
Published Online:
July 22, 2013
Citation
Clifton, RL, Perez, CAR, Naylor, R, & Hidrovo, C. "Characterization of Ion Transport and -Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes." Proceedings of the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, USA. July 8–12, 2012. pp. 579-587. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICNMM2012-73183
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