The Principle of Nanoengines as a Tool for Designing Alloys and Controlling Corrosion Phenomena

Nanoengine principle is new idea that can be used to design new alloys with any desired properties, simply explain corrosion phenomenon and suggest new solutions and can help understand why alloys and composite undergo failure. Nanoengine principle is based on the simple fact that when alloys are made by mixing different metal and nonmetals together at certain ratio of these components, this will enable the formation of Nanoengine crystal structure both at the interface and at the grain-boundary. It is shown that the polarity and the size of the reactant molecule is important variable for the performance of the Nanoengine as well as the choice of the counter cation of the Heteropolyacid (Nanoengine) can determine the mechanical and thermal stability. For example, for industrial alloys, the protective mechanism of alloying using chromium, Nickel and Molybdenum is mis-understood because it will be shown that for example using about 20% chromium, almost 20% Nickel in combination with roughly 6% molybdenum (Alloy AL-6XN and 254 SMO used in space shuttle) is way too much and such a high content of chromium, Nickel and Molybdenum are not needed. The objective her is to show that it is the ratio of Ni:Cr:Mo:P:Si, the choice of counter cation, as well as the water of hydration are the important factors. This ratio and proper choice of counter cation in combination with proper alloys preparation method (water of Hydration during annealing) should be able to produce the right Nanoengine which has the desired mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. This should help in designing alloys at lower chromium and nickel content. This is based on assuming that the protective mechanism of the Nanaoengines is due to both their ability for Redox transformation combined with heterogeneous catalysis. The principle of Nanoengines can give a very precise scientific definition for the phenomena of passivity.