Intermolecular forces in liquids — van der Waals, electrostatic, steric — range over a distance of about 1–100 nm. Therefore, when liquids are confined in regions less than 100 nm, their behavior can be different and manipulated in unique ways. Such situations occur in nanoscale channels as well as in dense collection of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, which range in size of 1–10 nm. Understanding fundamental transport properties of liquids under nanoscale confinement can have significant impact in biotechnology.
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