Influence of Diesel Fuel Injection Characteristics on Dual-Fuel Combustion Modes in a Large-Bore, Medium-Speed Engine

Experiments were conducted on a large bore, medium speed, single cylinder, diesel engine to investigate operation with substitution ratio of natural gas varying from 0 to 93% by energy. As reported in a previous publication [1], these data were used to validate an analytical methodology for predicting performance and emissions under a broad spectrum of energy substitution ratios. For this paper, these experimental data are further analyzed to better understand the performance and combustion behavior under natural gas substitution ratios of 0%, 60% and 93%. These results show that by transitioning from diesel to 60% dual-fuel (60% NG substitution ratio), an improvement in the NOx-efficiency trade-off was observed that represented a ∼3% improvement in efficiency at constant NOx. Further, the transition from 60% dual-fuel to 93% dual-fuel (93% NG substitution ratio) resulted in additional efficiency improvement with a simultaneous reduction in NOx emissions. The data suggest that this improvement can be attributed to the premixed nature of the high substitution ratio. Furthermore, the results show that high cycle-to-cycle variation was observed for the 93% dual-fuel combustion tests. Further analysis, along with diesel injection rate measurements, show that the observed extreme sensitivity of the combustion event can be attributed to critical parameters such as diesel fuel quantity and injection timing. Results suggest a better understanding of the relative importance of combustion system components and operating conditions in controlling cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion process.