This study investigates the combustion characteristics of cotton seed fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with C100 (100% cotton seed biodiesel) and C20 (20% cotton seed biodiesel, 80% ultra-low sulfur diesel #2), in a direct injection diesel engine and compares the results with ultra-low sulfur diesel #2 (ULSD#2). The dynamic viscosity of C100 was found to meet the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The lower heating value obtained for C100 was 37.7 MJ/kg, compared to 42.7 MJ/kg for ULSD#2. ULSD#2 and C100 displayed ignition delays of 9.6 crank angle degrees (CAD) and 7 CAD representing 1.14 ms and 0.83 ms respectively and a combustion time of 4ms (35 CAD) at 1400 rpm and 8 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) (100% load). The apparent heat release of the tested fuels at 8 bar IMEP showed both a premixed and diffusion phase and produced maximum values of 122 and 209 J/CAD for C100 and ULSD#2 respectively, with a decreasing trend occurring with increase in percentage of FAME. The 50% mass burnt (CA50) for 100% biodiesel was found to be 3 CAD advanced, compared with ULSD#2. The maximum total heat flux rates showed a value of 3.2 MW/m2 for ULSD#2 at 8 bar IMEP with a 6% increase observed for C100. Mechanical efficiency of ULSD#2 was 83% and presented a 5.35% decrease for C100, while the overall efficiency was 36% for ULSD#2 and 33% for C100 at 8 bar IMEP. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) for C100 presented an 11% decrease compared with ULSD#2. Unburned hydrocarbons value (UHC) for ULSD#2 was 2.8 g/kWh at 8 bar IMEP, and improved by 18% for C100. The carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for C100 decreased by 6% when compared to ULSD#2 at 3 bar IMEP but were relatively constant at 8 bar IMEP, presenting a value of 0.82 g/kWh for both fuels. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for C100 increased by 1% compared with ULSD#2, at 3 bar IMEP. The soot value for ULSD#2 was 1.5 g/kWh and presented a 42% decrease for C100 at 8 bar IMEP. The results suggest a very good performance of cotton seed biodiesel, even at very high content of 100%, especially on the emissions side that showed decreasing values for regulated and non-regulated species.
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ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference
October 13–16, 2013
Dearborn, Michigan, USA
Conference Sponsors:
- Internal Combustion Engine Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-5610-9
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Cotton Seed FAME Combustion and Emissions Research in a DI Diesel Engine
Valentin Soloiu,
Valentin Soloiu
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Jabeous Weaver,
Jabeous Weaver
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Henry Ochieng,
Henry Ochieng
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Marvin Duggan,
Marvin Duggan
Georgia Southern University, Detroit, MI
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Sherwin Davoud,
Sherwin Davoud
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Spencer Harp,
Spencer Harp
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Gustavo Molina,
Gustavo Molina
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Brian Vlcek
Brian Vlcek
Georgia Southern University, Detroit, MI
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Valentin Soloiu
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Jabeous Weaver
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Henry Ochieng
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Marvin Duggan
Georgia Southern University, Detroit, MI
Sherwin Davoud
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Spencer Harp
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Gustavo Molina
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Brian Vlcek
Georgia Southern University, Detroit, MI
Paper No:
ICEF2013-19243, V002T02A018; 15 pages
Published Online:
February 26, 2014
Citation
Soloiu, V, Weaver, J, Ochieng, H, Duggan, M, Davoud, S, Harp, S, Molina, G, & Vlcek, B. "Cotton Seed FAME Combustion and Emissions Research in a DI Diesel Engine." Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. Volume 2: Fuels; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design, Lubrication, and Applications. Dearborn, Michigan, USA. October 13–16, 2013. V002T02A018. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEF2013-19243
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