The demand for increased use of biofuels in both on- and off-road diesel engines is growing. The carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced, but the increase in the petroleum prices and possible shortage of crude oil also promote the interest in biofuels. Simultaneously, exhaust pollutants of diesel engines have to be drastically reduced. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) form the main challenge for diesel exhaust cleaning. Despite the emissions reduction, the fuel economy of the engines should be kept at a sufficient level to also prevent the CO2 increase. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection off-road diesel engine was driven with two animal fat based bio-fuels, namely steelhead (or rainbow trout) methyl ester (StME) and crude steelhead oil (StO). Crude or neat biofuels are also of interest since medium-speed engines are able to burn unrefined bio-oils. A vegetable oil based fuel, canola oil methyl ester (RME) served as the main reference biofuel. The baseline results were measured with commercial low-sulfur diesel fuel oil (DFO). The main aim of the project was to clarify how the waste-derived animal fat based biofuels are suited to engine use. The performance and emissions characteristics of the engine were determined. In addition to regulated emissions, the particle size distributions were also examined. The results showed that the studied animal fat derived ester was very suitable for the off-road test engine. NOx increased but hydrocarbons (HC), smoke, and PM mass decreased (by up to 60%) while thermal efficiency and carbon monoxide (CO) remained approximately unchanged. The particle number emissions were competitive relative to DFO. Raw fish oil StO reduced HC emissions but increased NOx and particle mass and number emissions. CO and smoke behaved ambiguously, so further investigation is needed for this fuel.
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ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference
September 27–30, 2009
Lucerne, Switzerland
Conference Sponsors:
- Internal Combustion Engine Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4363-5
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Results of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With Different Animal Fat Based Biofuels
Seppo Niemi,
Seppo Niemi
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
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Ville Vauhkonen,
Ville Vauhkonen
Seina¨joki University of Applied Sciences, Seina¨joki, Finland
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Erkki Hiltunen,
Erkki Hiltunen
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
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Sampo Virtanen,
Sampo Virtanen
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
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Toomas Karhu,
Toomas Karhu
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
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Krister Ekman,
Krister Ekman
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
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Heikki Salminen,
Heikki Salminen
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
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Sanna Appelberg
Sanna Appelberg
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
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Seppo Niemi
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Ville Vauhkonen
Seina¨joki University of Applied Sciences, Seina¨joki, Finland
Erkki Hiltunen
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Sampo Virtanen
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
Toomas Karhu
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
Krister Ekman
Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
Heikki Salminen
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Sanna Appelberg
University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Paper No:
ICEF2009-14010, pp. 37-48; 12 pages
Published Online:
July 8, 2010
Citation
Niemi, S, Vauhkonen, V, Hiltunen, E, Virtanen, S, Karhu, T, Ekman, K, Salminen, H, & Appelberg, S. "Results of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With Different Animal Fat Based Biofuels." Proceedings of the ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. Lucerne, Switzerland. September 27–30, 2009. pp. 37-48. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEF2009-14010
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