In this paper, a low-pressure hydrogen direct-injection solution is presented that entails low storage residual pressure (∼12 bar). The injection is realised in two steps. First, hydrogen is simply metered by an electro-injector (a conventional one for Compressed Natural Gas - CNG application) that feeds a small intermediate chamber. Next, hydrogen enters the cylinder by means of a mechanically-actuated valve which allows higher flow than any electro-injector. Injection must end early enough to allow good charge homogeneity and, in any case, before in-cylinder pressure rise constraints hydrogen admission. Backfire is avoided by starting injection at intake valve closing. A prototype has been realised modifying a single-cylinder 650 cc production engine with three intake valves. The central one has been modified and properly timed to in-cylinder inject hydrogen from the intermediate chamber. Hydrogen injection through different-shape poppet valves in a quiescent, constant volume has been simulated in order to investigate the effects of valve and seat-valve geometries in controlling fuel-air mixing in the cylinder. Additional predictions for the actual engine configuration indicate that an acceptable fuel distribution can be obtained in the combustion chamber at the spark timing, with equivalence ratios in the ignition region that are inside the flammability range of the mixture for all the operating conditions (loads and speeds) that have been considered.
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ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference
September 27–30, 2009
Lucerne, Switzerland
Conference Sponsors:
- Internal Combustion Engine Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-4363-5
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Two-Step Concept for Low-Pressure Direct Hydrogen Injection
S. Zanforlin,
S. Zanforlin
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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R. Gentili
R. Gentili
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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S. Zanforlin
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
T. Poerio
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
S. Frigo
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
R. Gentili
Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Paper No:
ICEF2009-14067, pp. 117-125; 9 pages
Published Online:
July 8, 2010
Citation
Zanforlin, S, Poerio, T, Frigo, S, & Gentili, R. "Two-Step Concept for Low-Pressure Direct Hydrogen Injection." Proceedings of the ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. Lucerne, Switzerland. September 27–30, 2009. pp. 117-125. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEF2009-14067
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