Laminar Combined Free and Forced Convection Heat Transfer in the Entry Length of a Horizontal Pipe

The present research work was carried to represent a numerical study and experimental investigation of laminar combined free - and - forced convection in the entry region of a horizontal constant wall temperature with simultaneous development of fluid velocity and temperature. The analytical study employed a sample case with Re = 100, Pr = 0.7 and Gr = 5000, 10000 and 100000 to demonstrate the results which are temperature, axial, radial and angular velocities. The experimental investigation presents temperatures profiles for Gr = 100000 at Re = 200 to 1000. The aim of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of laminar combined free - and - forced convection in the entrance region of a horizontal pipe of constant surface temperature with simultaneous development of fluid velocity and temperature.