Computational Modeling of Three-Dimensional Endwall Flow Through a Turbine Rotor Cascade With Strong Secondary Flows Free

A steady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver which utilizes a pressure-based technique for incompressible flows is used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field in a turbine cascade. A new feature of the numerical scheme is the implementation of a second-order plus fourth-order artificial dissipation formulation, which provides a precise control of the numerical dissipation. A low-Reynolds-number form of a two-equation turbulence model is used to account for the turbulence effects. Comparison between the numerical predictions and the experimental data indicates that the numerical model is able to capture most of the complex flow phenomena in the endwall region of a turbine cascade, except the high gradient region in the secondary vortex core. The effects of inlet turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale on secondary vortices, total pressure loss, and turbulence kinetic energy inside the passage are presented and interpreted. It is found that higher turbulence intensity energizes the vortical motions and tends to move the passage vortex away from the endwall. With a larger turbulence length scale the secondary flow inside the passage is reduced. However, the total pressure loss increases due to higher turbulence kinetic energy production.