Aerodynamic Origin of Rotor-Rotor Interaction Noise From Unducted Propulsors

The sound arising from blade row interaction in open rotor propulsion systems is known to significantly contribute to overall noise emissions. The present paper therefore addresses the origination of rotor-rotor interaction noise from a pair of unducted counter-rotating fans. The focus is on the aerodynamic mechanisms that involve sound generation, in order to provide the physical understanding required to find noise-reducing means. Detailed insight into the underlying phenomena is provided on the basis of numerical simulations applying the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The interaction mechanisms are identified by extracting the time-dependent disturbances of the flow field in the respective rotor relative frame of reference. Conclusions on the sources of interaction noise and potential noise-reducing means are drawn by evaluating polar directivities, blade surface pressure distributions and propagation characteristics.