Analysis of Free and Forced Ship Vibrations Using Finite Element Method

With the increase of ship size and speed, shipboard vibration becomes a great concern in the design and construction of the vessels. Excessive ship vibration is to be avoided for passenger comfort and crew habitability. In addition to undesired effects on humans, excessive ship vibration may result in the fatigue failure of local structural members or malfunction of machinery and equipment. The propeller induces fluctuating pressures on the surface of the hull, which induce vibration in the hull structure. These pressure pulses acting on the ship hull surface above the propeller as the predominant factor for vibrations of ship structures are taken as excitation forces for forced vibration analysis. Ship structures are complex and may be analyzed after idealization of the structure. Several simplifying assumptions are made in the finite element idealization of the hull structure. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model representing the entire ship hull, including the deckhouse and machinery propulsion system, has been developed using a solid modeling software for local and global vibration analyses. Vibration analysis has been studied under two conditions which are free-free (dry) and in-water (wet). Wet analysis has been implemented using acoustic elements. The total damping associated with overall ship hull structure vibration has been considered as a combination of the several damping components. As the result of global ship free vibration analysis, global natural frequencies and mode shapes have been determined. Besides, responses of local ship structures have been determined as the result of propeller induced forced vibration analysis.