A Novel Gas-Assist Atomizer for Power Stations

A novel high flow rate gas-assist atomizer for liquid atomization was developed. The method of liquid supply in the zone of maximal air velocity is used. It is shown that it is possible to achieve fine atomization as the relative velocity between gas and liquid is very high. However actual sprays have droplets with larger size due to the rapid decrease of the difference between air and liquid velocities. So droplets disintegrate mainly due to the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the air flow. The experimental study included two stages: laboratory tests and field tests inside a full size boiler of a 220 MW power station. At the first stage, several atomizer modifications were tested using water and compressed air. Droplet size was measured by a special Laser Light Scattering method. Liquid flow rate was equal to 3500 kg/hr. The liquid atomization quality at each cross-section of the spray was estimated by measuring the liquid-droplets sizes at several stations across the spray. The tests were carried out for two distances, 30 and 40 cm, downstream of the nozzle. The tests show that for the proposed atomizer droplets SMD was reduced from 135 to 67 microns. Droplets SMD maintains constant value when liquid flow rate is reduced by 50%. The spray angle was kept as in a standard atomizer and equal to 110 degrees under all operating conditions. It was found that to obtain this angle, the pressure downstream of the nozzle core should be atmospheric. The atomizer with the best performances was selected for the field tests. It was assumed that the atomizer which shows the best results for air-water mixture would be superior also for steam-fuel mixture. Field tests of the atomizer within the burner of an actual power station in Israel (boiler by Babcock Borsig Company), demonstrated a significant reduction in NO_x content, from 540 to 270 ppmv as well as better service conditions.