... Abstract High-temperature ceramic materials used in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are subject to high thermal stresses during operation due to the unequal thermal expansion between different layers. As a result, solid oxide fuel cells are prone to mechanical failure at elevated temperatures...

... Abstract On the anode side of a direct methanol fuel cell, carbon dioxide bubbles are generated as a result of the methanol oxidation reaction. The accumulation of such bubbles prevents methanol from reaching the gas diffusion layer. Hence, a significant reduction in the reaction rate occurs...

... of Architecture,Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China bBeijing United Gas Engineering & Techology CO.,LTD Beijing, PR China Corresponding author. Tel: +861062773885; Fax: +861062770544 E-mail address: zhaoxiling@126.com(Zhao Xiling) ABSTRACT Fuel cell technology based on natural gas is a kind of promising...

..., a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (PEMFC), an electrolyzer, and finally the ultracapacitors and a power converter unit in order to minimize voltage fluctuations in the system and generate AC voltage. In addition, the transient responses of the system to step changes in the load current...

.... Parametric studies are also undertaken to investigate how energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system change with variations in operating conditions. An increase in the efficiency of SOFCs is attained by increasing the fuel cell active area. Achieving the highest efficiency of the SOFC stack...

... namely PV-Hydro and PV-Hydro-Fuel Cell, where the total simulated annualized cost for these two system configurations are US$10,847 and US$76,010 respectively as far as the present location is concerned. The PVHydro-Fuel Cell produces electrical energy at the amount of 3,577 kWh/yr while the annual...