Performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic Cells Using Various Microchannel Heat Sink Designs

The photovoltaic output power is directly proportional to the solar radiation and inversely with the cell temperature. The higher the photovoltaic temperature is, the lower the electrical efficiency is with possible damage to the cell. To improve the electrical efficiency and to avoid the possible damage, a concentrating PV system associated with an effective cooling technique is of great importance. In the present study, a new cooling technique for concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems was introduced using various designs of micro-channel heat sinks. The suggested configurations included parallel flow, counter flow single and double layer micro-channels, and single layer flat micro-channel integrated with CPV system. A comprehensive three-dimensional thermo-fluid model for photovoltaic layers integrated with microchannel heat sink was developed. The model was simulated numerically to estimate the solar cell temperature. The numerical results were validated with the available experimental and numerical results. In the meantime, the effects of different operational parameters were investigated such as solar concentration ratio and cooling mass flow rate. Performance analysis of CPV using different microchannel configurations was implemented to determine the average and local solar cell temperature, pumping power, and temperature uniformity. Results indicated that the use of microchannel heat sink was a very effective cooling technique which highly attained temperature uniformity, viz., eliminated the hot spots formation with a significant reduction in the average temperature of CPV. The single layer parallel flow achieved the minimum solar cell temperature while the counter flow attained the most uniform temperature distribution compared with other configurations. Furthermore, the double layer parallel flow microchannel attained the minimum pumping power for a given cooling mass flow rate.