Optimal Sizing of Second Life Battery to Reduce CO2 Emissions

Batteries used in electric vehicles cannot be used in the vehicle once the battery capacity falls to 70% to 80%. The remaining capacity of these batteries can be used in various applications so that they can be kept out of landfills. One of the applications is to use the second life batteries to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the grid. The CO₂ emissions from the grid are high during the non-peak hours when only the base plants are operating. We charge the second life battery when the power from renewable resources is available and discharge the battery when there is peak load. With the increase in renewable generation such as photo voltaic, wind energy the carbon foot print changes with the hour of the day. The demonstrated technique optimizes the use of second life battery to reduce the emissions considering uncertainties in the load and availability of renewable power.