1-20 of 25
Heating
Close
Save search
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Proceedings Papers

Parametric Modeling and Optimal Control of a Combined Heating and Power System With Energy Storage

Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, Stephanie Stockar
Proc. ASME. DSCC2020, Volume 1: Adaptive/Intelligent Sys. Control; Driver Assistance/Autonomous Tech.; Control Design Methods; Nonlinear Control; Robotics; Assistive/Rehabilitation Devices; Biomedical/Neural Systems; Building Energy Systems; Connected Vehicle Systems; Control/Estimation of Energy Systems; Control Apps.; Smart Buildings/Microgrids; Education; Human-Robot Systems; Soft Mechatronics/Robotic Components/Systems; Energy/Power Systems; Energy Storage; Estimation/Identification; Vehicle Efficiency/Emissions, V001T09A002, October 5–7, 2020
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2020-3184
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2020-3184
View Paper titled, Parametric Modeling and Optimal Control of a Combined Heating and Power System With Energy Storage
Open the PDF for Parametric Modeling and Optimal Control of a Combined Heating and Power System With Energy Storage in another window
Topics: Dynamic programming, Energy storage, Heating, Modeling, Optimal control, Power systems (Machinery), Energy management, Optimization, Thermal energy storage, Cogeneration systems
Proceedings Papers

Achieving Improved Personalization and Energy Efficiency in Cohabited Work-Spaces Through Data-Driven Predictive Control

Syed Ahsan Raza Naqvi, Zachary Nawrocki, Zaid Bin Tariq, Koushik Kar, Sandipan Mishra
Proc. ASME. DSCC2020, Volume 1: Adaptive/Intelligent Sys. Control; Driver Assistance/Autonomous Tech.; Control Design Methods; Nonlinear Control; Robotics; Assistive/Rehabilitation Devices; Biomedical/Neural Systems; Building Energy Systems; Connected Vehicle Systems; Control/Estimation of Energy Systems; Control Apps.; Smart Buildings/Microgrids; Education; Human-Robot Systems; Soft Mechatronics/Robotic Components/Systems; Energy/Power Systems; Energy Storage; Estimation/Identification; Vehicle Efficiency/Emissions, V001T09A003, October 5–7, 2020
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2020-3229
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2020-3229
View Paper titled, Achieving Improved Personalization and Energy Efficiency in Cohabited Work-Spaces Through Data-Driven Predictive Control
Open the PDF for Achieving Improved Personalization and Energy Efficiency in Cohabited Work-Spaces Through Data-Driven Predictive Control in another window
Topics: Energy efficiency, Predictive control, Space, Temperature, Preferences, Cooling, Heating, Energy consumption, Heating and cooling, HVAC equipment
Proceedings Papers

Design and Verification of a Small-Scale District Heating Network Experiment

Melissa Krieger, Dylan Stecklair, Stephen Peluso, Stephanie Stockar
Proc. ASME. DSCC2019, Volume 2: Modeling and Control of Engine and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Validation; Motion Planning and Tracking Control; Multi-Agent and Networked Systems; Renewable and Smart Energy Systems; Thermal Energy Systems; Uncertain Systems and Robustness; Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles; Vehicle Dynamics and Stability; Vibrations: Modeling, Analysis, and Control, V002T23A002, October 8–11, 2019
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2019-9101
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2019-9101
View Paper titled, Design and Verification of a Small-Scale District Heating Network Experiment
Open the PDF for Design and Verification of a Small-Scale District Heating Network Experiment in another window
Topics: Central heating, Design, Heat, Calibration, Energy resources, Errors, Heating, Renewable energy sources, Simulation models, Simulation results
Proceedings Papers

Modeling of Thermal Dynamics of a Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Integrated HVAC and Powertrain Optimal Operation

Nehal Doshi, Drew Hanover, Sadra Hemmati, Christopher Morgan, Mahdi Shahbakhti
Proc. ASME. DSCC2019, Volume 2: Modeling and Control of Engine and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Validation; Motion Planning and Tracking Control; Multi-Agent and Networked Systems; Renewable and Smart Energy Systems; Thermal Energy Systems; Uncertain Systems and Robustness; Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles; Vehicle Dynamics and Stability; Vibrations: Modeling, Analysis, and Control, V002T23A005, October 8–11, 2019
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2019-9223
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2019-9223
View Paper titled, Modeling of Thermal Dynamics of a Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Integrated HVAC and Powertrain Optimal Operation
Open the PDF for Modeling of Thermal Dynamics of a Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Integrated HVAC and Powertrain Optimal Operation in another window
Topics: Dynamics (Mechanics), HVAC equipment, Hybrid electric vehicles, Modeling, Vehicles, Heating, Air conditioning, Calibration, Combustion, Connected vehicles
Proceedings Papers

Modeling and Optimal Control of Micro-CSP and a Building HVAC System to Minimize Electricity Cost

Chethan R. Reddy, Mohamed Toub, Meysam Razmara, Mahdi Shahbakhti, Rush D. Robinett, III, Ghassane Aniba
Proc. ASME. DSCC2018, Volume 2: Control and Optimization of Connected and Automated Ground Vehicles; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Dynamics and Control of Renewable Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Energy Systems; Estimation and Identification; Intelligent Transportation and Vehicles; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Powertrain Systems; Modeling and Management of Power Systems, V002T28A004, September 30–October 3, 2018
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2018-9131
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2018-9131
View Paper titled, Modeling and Optimal Control of Micro-CSP and a Building HVAC System to Minimize Electricity Cost
Open the PDF for Modeling and Optimal Control of Micro-CSP and a Building HVAC System to Minimize Electricity Cost in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Modeling, Optimal control, Air conditioning, Concentrating solar power, Control equipment, Flow (Dynamics), Heating, Microscale devices, Predictive control
Proceedings Papers

Energy and Robustness Evaluation for Dual-Mode Model Predictive Control of HVAC Systems

Zicheng Cai, Asad Ul Haq, Dragan Djurdjanovic
Proc. ASME. DSCC2017, Volume 1: Aerospace Applications; Advances in Control Design Methods; Bio Engineering Applications; Advances in Non-Linear Control; Adaptive and Intelligent Systems Control; Advances in Wind Energy Systems; Advances in Robotics; Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics; Biomedical and Neural Systems Modeling, Diagnostics, and Control; Bio-Mechatronics and Physical Human Robot; Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles; Automotive Systems, V001T15A002, October 11–13, 2017
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2017-5025
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2017-5025
View Paper titled, Energy and Robustness Evaluation for Dual-Mode Model Predictive Control of HVAC Systems
Open the PDF for Energy and Robustness Evaluation for Dual-Mode Model Predictive Control of HVAC Systems in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Predictive control, Robustness, Control equipment, Air conditioning, Energy consumption, Energy efficiency, Errors, Heating, Modeling
Proceedings Papers

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Coordination of Electric Loads in Smart Homes

Avinash Divecha, Stephanie Stockar, Giorgio Rizzoni
Proc. ASME. DSCC2017, Volume 3: Vibration in Mechanical Systems; Modeling and Validation; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Vibrations and Control of Systems; Modeling and Estimation for Vehicle Safety and Integrity; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Their Applications; Dynamics and Control of Renewable Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Control of Smart Buildings and Microgrids; Energy Systems, V003T42A005, October 11–13, 2017
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2017-5366
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2017-5366
View Paper titled, Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Coordination of Electric Loads in Smart Homes
Open the PDF for Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Coordination of Electric Loads in Smart Homes in another window
Topics: Electric load, Predictive control, Particle swarm optimization, Air conditioning, Computation, Electric vehicles, Energy management, Heating, HVAC equipment, Optimization
Proceedings Papers

Modeling and Energy Cost Optimization of Air Conditioning Loads in Smart Grid Environments

Korey Chan, Saeid Bashash
Proc. ASME. DSCC2017, Volume 3: Vibration in Mechanical Systems; Modeling and Validation; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Vibrations and Control of Systems; Modeling and Estimation for Vehicle Safety and Integrity; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Their Applications; Dynamics and Control of Renewable Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Control of Smart Buildings and Microgrids; Energy Systems, V003T27A013, October 11–13, 2017
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2017-5284
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2017-5284
View Paper titled, Modeling and Energy Cost Optimization of Air Conditioning Loads in Smart Grid Environments
Open the PDF for Modeling and Energy Cost Optimization of Air Conditioning Loads in Smart Grid Environments in another window
Topics: Air conditioning, Modeling, Optimization, Smart grids, Stress, Quadratic programming, Temperature, Energy consumption, Air conditioners, Algorithms
Proceedings Papers

ARX Model of a Residential Heating System With Backpropagation Parameter Estimation Algorithm

Eric M. Burger, Scott J. Moura
Proc. ASME. DSCC2017, Volume 3: Vibration in Mechanical Systems; Modeling and Validation; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Vibrations and Control of Systems; Modeling and Estimation for Vehicle Safety and Integrity; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Their Applications; Dynamics and Control of Renewable Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Control of Smart Buildings and Microgrids; Energy Systems, V003T42A003, October 11–13, 2017
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2017-5315
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2017-5315
View Paper titled, ARX Model of a Residential Heating System With Backpropagation Parameter Estimation Algorithm
Open the PDF for ARX Model of a Residential Heating System With Backpropagation Parameter Estimation Algorithm in another window
Topics: Algorithms, Heating, Parameter estimation, Ventilation, Air conditioning, Control systems, Energy efficiency, HVAC equipment, Predictive control, Residential construction
Proceedings Papers

Improving Robotic Actuator Torque Density and Efficiency Through Enhanced Heat Transfer

Anirban Mazumdar, Steven J. Spencer, Clinton Hobart, Michael Kuehl, Gregory Brunson, Nadia Coleman, Stephen P. Buerger
Proc. ASME. DSCC2016, Volume 2: Mechatronics; Mechatronics and Controls in Advanced Manufacturing; Modeling and Control of Automotive Systems and Combustion Engines; Modeling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications; Multi-Agent and Networked Systems; Path Planning and Motion Control; Robot Manipulators; Sensors and Actuators; Tracking Control Systems; Uncertain Systems and Robustness; Unmanned, Ground and Surface Robotics; Vehicle Dynamic Controls; Vehicle Dynamics and Traffic Control, V002T26A004, October 12–14, 2016
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2016-9738
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2016-9738
View Paper titled, Improving Robotic Actuator Torque Density and Efficiency Through Enhanced Heat Transfer
Open the PDF for Improving Robotic Actuator Torque Density and Efficiency Through Enhanced Heat Transfer in another window
Topics: Actuators, Density, Heat transfer, Robotics, Torque, Design, Cooling, Motors, Energy consumption, Water
Proceedings Papers

Effective Tuning of Cascaded Control Loops for Nonlinear HVAC Systems

Christopher R. Price, Bryan P. Rasmussen
Proc. ASME. DSCC2015, Volume 2: Diagnostics and Detection; Drilling; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Estimation and Identification; Flexible and Smart Structure Control; Fuels Cells/Energy Storage; Human Robot Interaction; HVAC Building Energy Management; Industrial Applications; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modelling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications, V002T29A002, October 28–30, 2015
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2015-9806
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2015-9806
View Paper titled, Effective Tuning of Cascaded Control Loops for Nonlinear HVAC Systems
Open the PDF for Effective Tuning of Cascaded Control Loops for Nonlinear HVAC Systems in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Air conditioning, Architecture, Control equipment, Dynamic models, Heating, Oscillations, Simulation, Structures, Systems analysis
Proceedings Papers

Efficient Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting From HVAC Ducts

Xiaokun Ma, Christopher D. Rahn
Proc. ASME. DSCC2015, Volume 2: Diagnostics and Detection; Drilling; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Estimation and Identification; Flexible and Smart Structure Control; Fuels Cells/Energy Storage; Human Robot Interaction; HVAC Building Energy Management; Industrial Applications; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modelling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications, V002T22A003, October 28–30, 2015
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2015-9851
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2015-9851
View Paper titled, Efficient Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting From HVAC Ducts
Open the PDF for Efficient Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting From HVAC Ducts in another window
Topics: Ducts, Energy harvesting, HVAC equipment, Cantilever beams, Air conditioning, Boundary-value problems, Constitutive equations, Dynamics (Mechanics), Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Failure
Proceedings Papers

A Nonlinear Tension Control Scheme for Web Transport Through Heating Processes

Youwei Lu, Prabhakar R. Pagilla
Proc. ASME. DSCC2015, Volume 2: Diagnostics and Detection; Drilling; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Estimation and Identification; Flexible and Smart Structure Control; Fuels Cells/Energy Storage; Human Robot Interaction; HVAC Building Energy Management; Industrial Applications; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modelling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications, V002T32A006, October 28–30, 2015
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2015-9983
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2015-9983
View Paper titled, A Nonlinear Tension Control Scheme for Web Transport Through Heating Processes
Open the PDF for A Nonlinear Tension Control Scheme for Web Transport Through Heating Processes in another window
Topics: Heating, Tension, Heat transfer, Cooling, Rollers, Elastic moduli, Machinery, Temperature distribution, Temperature effects, Thermal expansion
Proceedings Papers

Automated Multi-Zone Linear Parametric Black Box Modeling Approach for Building HVAC Systems

Rohit H. Chintala, Bryan P. Rasmussen
Proc. ASME. DSCC2015, Volume 2: Diagnostics and Detection; Drilling; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Estimation and Identification; Flexible and Smart Structure Control; Fuels Cells/Energy Storage; Human Robot Interaction; HVAC Building Energy Management; Industrial Applications; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modelling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications, V002T29A004, October 28–30, 2015
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2015-9933
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2015-9933
View Paper titled, Automated Multi-Zone Linear Parametric Black Box Modeling Approach for Building HVAC Systems
Open the PDF for Automated Multi-Zone Linear Parametric Black Box Modeling Approach for Building HVAC Systems in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Modeling, Air conditioning, Algorithms, Control algorithms, Energy conservation, Heating, Model development, Optimal control, Predictive control
Proceedings Papers

Compensation of HVAC System Nonlinearities Using Cascaded Control Architecture

Christopher R. Price, Bryan P. Rasmussen
Proc. ASME. DSCC2014, Volume 2: Dynamic Modeling and Diagnostics in Biomedical Systems; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Vehicle Energy Management Optimization; Energy Storage, Optimization; Transportation and Grid Applications; Estimation and Identification Methods, Tracking, Detection, Alternative Propulsion Systems; Ground and Space Vehicle Dynamics; Intelligent Transportation Systems and Control; Energy Harvesting; Modeling and Control for Thermo-Fluid Applications, IC Engines, Manufacturing, V002T22A006, October 22–24, 2014
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2014-6127
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2014-6127
View Paper titled, Compensation of HVAC System Nonlinearities Using Cascaded Control Architecture
Open the PDF for Compensation of HVAC System Nonlinearities Using Cascaded Control Architecture in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Air conditioning, Climate, Control equipment, Dynamics (Mechanics), Heating, Ventilation
Proceedings Papers

Robust Control of an HVAC System via a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Technique

Kaveh Kianfar, Roozbeh Izadi-Zamanabadi, Mehrdad Saif
Proc. ASME. DSCC2013, Volume 3: Nonlinear Estimation and Control; Optimization and Optimal Control; Piezoelectric Actuation and Nanoscale Control; Robotics and Manipulators; Sensing; System Identification (Estimation for Automotive Applications, Modeling, Therapeutic Control in Bio-Systems); Variable Structure/Sliding-Mode Control; Vehicles and Human Robotics; Vehicle Dynamics and Control; Vehicle Path Planning and Collision Avoidance; Vibrational and Mechanical Systems; Wind Energy Systems and Control, V003T44A004, October 21–23, 2013
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2013-3987
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2013-3987
View Paper titled, Robust Control of an HVAC System via a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Technique
Open the PDF for Robust Control of an HVAC System via a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Technique in another window
Topics: HVAC equipment, Robust control, Temperature, Flow (Dynamics), Sliding mode control, Control equipment, Evaporation, Refrigerants, Uncertainty, Air conditioning
Proceedings Papers

Modeling the Effects of Heat Transfer Processes on Material Strain and Tension in Roll to Roll Manufacturing

Youwei Lu, Prabhakar R. Pagilla
Proc. ASME. DSCC2013, Volume 3: Nonlinear Estimation and Control; Optimization and Optimal Control; Piezoelectric Actuation and Nanoscale Control; Robotics and Manipulators; Sensing; System Identification (Estimation for Automotive Applications, Modeling, Therapeutic Control in Bio-Systems); Variable Structure/Sliding-Mode Control; Vehicles and Human Robotics; Vehicle Dynamics and Control; Vehicle Path Planning and Collision Avoidance; Vibrational and Mechanical Systems; Wind Energy Systems and Control, V003T48A004, October 21–23, 2013
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2013-4075
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2013-4075
View Paper titled, Modeling the Effects of Heat Transfer Processes on Material Strain and Tension in Roll to Roll Manufacturing
Open the PDF for Modeling the Effects of Heat Transfer Processes on Material Strain and Tension in Roll to Roll Manufacturing in another window
Topics: Heat transfer, Manufacturing, Modeling, Tension, Rollers, Temperature distribution, Computer simulation, Cooling, Heating, Temperature
Proceedings Papers

Modeling of Temperature Distribution in a Moving Web Transported Over a Heat Transfer Roller

Youwei Lu, Prabhakar R. Pagilla
Proc. ASME. DSCC2012-MOVIC2012, Volume 2: Legged Locomotion; Mechatronic Systems; Mechatronics; Mechatronics for Aquatic Environments; MEMS Control; Model Predictive Control; Modeling and Model-Based Control of Advanced IC Engines; Modeling and Simulation; Multi-Agent and Cooperative Systems; Musculoskeletal Dynamic Systems; Nano Systems; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinear Systems and Control; Optimal Control; Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems; Power and Renewable Energy Systems; Powertrain Systems, 405-414, October 17–19, 2012
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8737
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8737
View Paper titled, Modeling of Temperature Distribution in a Moving Web Transported Over a Heat Transfer Roller
Open the PDF for Modeling of Temperature Distribution in a Moving Web Transported Over a Heat Transfer Roller in another window
Topics: Heat transfer, Modeling, Rollers, Temperature distribution, Cooling, Embossing, Engineering simulation, Heating, Simulation, Tension
Proceedings Papers

Optimal Control of Multi-Input SMA Actuator Arrays on a Trajectory Using Graph Theory: Modified A-Star Search Algorithm

Mohammadreza Mollaei, Stephen Mascaro
Proc. ASME. DSCC2012-MOVIC2012, Volume 2: Legged Locomotion; Mechatronic Systems; Mechatronics; Mechatronics for Aquatic Environments; MEMS Control; Model Predictive Control; Modeling and Model-Based Control of Advanced IC Engines; Modeling and Simulation; Multi-Agent and Cooperative Systems; Musculoskeletal Dynamic Systems; Nano Systems; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinear Systems and Control; Optimal Control; Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems; Power and Renewable Energy Systems; Powertrain Systems, 743-750, October 17–19, 2012
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8725
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8725
View Paper titled, Optimal Control of Multi-Input SMA Actuator Arrays on a Trajectory Using Graph Theory: Modified A-Star Search Algorithm
Open the PDF for Optimal Control of Multi-Input SMA Actuator Arrays on a Trajectory Using Graph Theory: Modified A-Star Search Algorithm in another window
Topics: Actuators, Algorithms, Optimal control, Trajectories (Physics), Heating, Neutron activation analysis, Shape memory alloys
Proceedings Papers

Development of an Adaptive System ID Method for Enabling Advanced E-Beam Sweep Pattern Design

Emerson Speyerer, Michael Gevelber, Dennis Radgowski
Proc. ASME. DSCC2010, ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Volume 2, 309-316, September 12–15, 2010
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Paper No: DSCC2010-4225
https://doi.org/10.1115/DSCC2010-4225
View Paper titled, Development of an Adaptive System ID Method for Enabling Advanced E-Beam Sweep Pattern Design
Open the PDF for Development of an Adaptive System ID Method for Enabling Advanced E-Beam Sweep Pattern Design in another window
Topics: Design, Electron beams, Optical coatings, Plumes (Fluid dynamics), Vapors, Evaporation, Geometry, Heating, Nonlinear systems, Optical instruments